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Shvoong Home>Books>A Study of History Summary

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A Study of History

Book Review by: madhuprem    

Original Author: Arnold Toynbee
 
Perhaps faculty-less person has unused
senses tinkering his mind. My interest in history in any form is
infections and
it stimulates me. The historian Arnold Toynbee was brought up with a
great-uncle who had been a sailor. This great uncle of Toynbee had been the
captain of an East-Indiaman (a three masted square-rigged sailing-ship), and
his stories of his voyages to India and China excited young Toynbee.
What Toynbee learnt about India in particular was how
mighty British vanquished Indians; the glory of British Empire sunk in his mind. He
did not know any thing about true India. It was subdued to the
will of Britain.  He knew Indians as physical and mental slaves
of Great Britain. To him the world was
rational, orderly and peaceful because the English people labored to make it
so. He lived in that illusion until his death in 1975. Irish-born English
author and socialist George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) said: British people think
God only knows English; the other people are the children of lesser gods! He was
taunting the aristocrats of Britain. Toynbee''s guru was
Greek historian Thucydides (died approx.401B.C.). So, history lessons of
Toynbee could not go deeper than the fifth-century B.C.  That was all available at the University of Oxford. Nothing else was worth
looking at. The other two historians that Toynbee mentions are also Greeks;
Polybius belongs to 2nd century B.C. and Herodotus belongs to 5th century like
Thucydides. These historians wrote panoramic histories of the world that came
within their horizon. Toynbee studied Greek and Latin literature, embracing
poetry and philosophy as well history and this widened his mental horizon.
Toynbee produced ten volumes between 1934 and 1954, totaling more than 7000
pages. The impression he gives is: Only humanity beings worth calling men who
made history are Greeks and English men; others were pre-historical period
beasts in human form who retained only the physical veracity and skills of the
Old and New Stone Ages. They still believe in the Old world gods and rites. His
role on earth is to put an end to all this and follow the white man in his foot
steps, accept his language and his religion. Then the Mankind will be united
truly and politically, and people will not-appear strangers to each other in
their local ways of life. That will be the true "annihilation of
distance". That is exactly what the Christianity wishes. Entire western
world is working on this concept. Can they be proved wrong? Can they be
converted? It is them who are still in dark ages.
Christianity converted some of our totems
and guised them as theirs, or separated the original source that could well be
considered as off shoot of ancient Vedic. Where various religious traditions
come together and admixture becomes so homogeneous that religion too becomes
and stays as homogenous. Various traditions and newly added gods stay as one
uniform entity and assimilation cannot separate new tradition from the old one.
Deity and ritual may be same yet traditional changes separate our religion from
the other. For example, Ancient Persian deity "Horus" is same as sun
god, and worshipping rituals were burning essence in both Persians and Hindus.
Yet Horus  and Viṣṇu were separate deities. Folk traditions
were different.
A single family envisaged and envisioned
by our Ancient Sages is thrown to the beasts of prehistory period. Man does not
live just in the immediate present. We live in a mental time-stream,
remembering the past and looking forward-with hope or with fear - to an
oncoming future. The front matter of our new thinking is to establish a context
for creating a passage, a pathway to enter the vast expansion of our ancient
scriptures; they have many folds, many petals and each petal has essential
scent. Then will be, we understand to apply the modern technology and go back
and forth with familiar anecdotes spread before our eyes. We will have
addresses where to find explanatory Notes to the latter topics.
There we will be able to use our mental
"unzip" faculties to decompress the compressed mountains of episodes
of prehistory of so called dark ages of human endeavor - the period 15000 B.C.
to 3000 B.C. Where Aryans have stamped their first prints very visibly
perceptible to the modern technology. Ice Ages came and went, but life on the
earth planet continued and survived the extremities posed by the "time and
space" in the cosmic environment. Epilimnion lay buried in the Arctic and Antarctic regions,
they are being penetrated to look at life at different layers of water.
They add to the information about
prehistory of man. All this will essentially help to understand lexica
(lexicons) of Sanskrit language, only the language which has the total stock of
morphemes of any language of the world. Sanskrit language has articulated all
the subjects under the sun, even when the sun was not present for the six month
in the Arctic Region, the articulation did not cease! All the corruption in
language takes place in four aspects of the language: lexicon, grammar,
semantics and phonology; and there are various reasons, which now can be
understood without explanation. That is why today’s environment appears to be
multilingual. "Tower of Babel" is referred to in
Genesis as " Gate of God". It was said to be in a city of "Shinar" that a tower was
under construction. When gods in heaven realized that man might reach heaven,
they cursed the humanity and created confusion of tongues and man started using
languages which were not understood by all, and each group went their own way.
There was no unity and man could not progress at fast-rate (Fraser, Rendition;
Chapter 1, Page 362). Man is born with a curiosity to last life long, young
generation can be imbued with a spirit of probing into the dark side, or side
of untold history; their minds will imbibe faster the untold stories and new
eighteen "Purāṇas" will be ready
for the coming generation to ponder upon and be enlightened.
Thinking is the function of man''s
immortal soul. Ancient sages showed the way how to reach this soul. Only this
kind of healthy thinking will show a way towards deciphering the secret codes
of the puzzles. Man lives by the history. The historical process involves
development, evaluation, attempt at cancellation and rehabilitation of
doctrines. Psycho-historical events connected with the Riddle of Bermuda
Trainable must be treated with care without speculations into mystery.
Mysteries too have simple solutions on psychological ground. They are not
insurmountable. Man is in the control of the situation and God is at the helm.
Experience has toughened and fortified man against angst. We cannot expect God
to think of us with a sort of tender pity. What sir Arthur Eddington wrote in
''''New Pathways in Science'''' is very relevant: ''''An electron is no more (and no
less) hypothetical than a star. Nowadays we count electrons one by one in a
''''Geiger'''' counter, as we count the stars one by one on a photographic plate.
In what sense can an electron be called more unobservable than a star? I''m not
sure whether I ought to say that I have seen an electron; but I have just the
same doubt whether I have seen a star. If I have seen one, I have seen the
other. I have seen a small disc of light surrounded by diffraction rings which
has not the least resemblance to what a star is supposed to be; but the name
''''star'''' is given to the object in the physical world which some hundreds of
years ago started a chain of causation which has resulted in this particular
light pattern. Similarly in a Wilson expansion chamber ''''I have seen a trail
not in the least resembling what an electron is supposed to be; but the name
''''electron'''' is given to the object
Published: October 18, 2007
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