1. Alary muscles are fan shaped muscles that helps in blood circulation. They are 12 pairs in number. 2.ncomplete
metamorphosis involves following stages-egg, nymph and adults. Nymphs are very much like adults but are small in size. This type of metamorphosis is also called as paurometabola type. 3. Anal styles are present in male. They arise from the sternum of the 9th segment. 4.Collaterial glands are the branched glands present in female
cockroach. They secrete the egg case or the ootheca. 5. Stigmata or spiracles are the respiratory openings of cockroach. Number of spiracles Present in cockroach are 10 pairs,2 pairs in the thoracic region and 8 pairs in the abdominal region. 6.All these are arthropods and hence share the common feature of jointed legs which is the characteristic feature of the phylum. 7.The gizzard is a highly muscular and contractile part of the alimentary canal of cockroach. It consists of 6 chitinous teeth hence it helps in the grinding and the crushing of the food. 8.Septal nephridia of earthworm are enteronephrici.e. they discharge their secretions inside the intestine hence they bear a resemblance with the malpighian tubule of cockroach which also discharges the wastes inside the body. 9.The vision in cockroach during the day time is mosaic or apposition vision and the vision during the night time is
superposition image. In mosaic vision each ommatidium acts in isolation, individual images are combined in the brain to form a visual image. Whereas in superposition image the images from the series of ommatidia are combined to form a blurred image. 10.The enzyme present in the saliva of cockroach is salivary amylase which helps in the digestion of carbohydrates. 11.Malaria is spread by mosquitoes as they carry plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria in their mouth. 12.Rhabdome is found in the insects .It is the photoreceptor part of the ommatidia.It helps in the formation of apposition an superposition images in the insects. 13.in culex tracheal system opens by a pair of spiracles at the tip of a respiratory siphon on the dorsal side of 8th abdominal segment. It is absent in anopheles 14.Male mosquito feeds on flower nectar as it does not posses piercing mouthparts unlike female which has sucking and piercing both types of mouth parts. . 98.©Gizzard contains a pair of stomodael valve hence it prevents the entry of midgut into gizzard. 15.Lac is produced by laccifer lacca.Honey is produced by honey bee(apis indica) and silk is produced by silk moth(bombyx mori).All these are the products of insects. 16.Apiculture is the process of production of honey .pisiculture is the rearing of fishes.Agronomy is related to agriculture and production of commercial silk from silk moth is known as sericulture. 17.Caterpillar has modified salivary gland or silk glands which secretes cocoon around them. One cocoon produces 300 meters of silkthread.About 10 days after cocoon formation pupa in them are killed by soaking cocoons in hot water and steaming. 18.During dim light the iris pigment sheath and the retinal pigment sheath retract apart and expose the dioptric parts of the ommatidia .Thus the image seen by the eye is formed by overlapping points of light. Such an image is called superposition image. 19. The heart in cockroach is 13 chambered .It is muscular and contractile. 20.The blood in cockroach is called hemolymph .It does not contains any respiratory pigment and hence it does not help in the transport of gases. 21.Peripatus has nephridia and parapodia like annelids and trachea and open circulatory system like that of arthropods. 22.Anal styles are the characteristic feature of male cockroach. It helps in copulation. It is obviously absent in females