Poverty
Poverty, condition of having insufficient
resources or income. Extreme poverty, which threatens people’s health or lives, is also known as destitution or absolute poverty. The Third World is home to the world’s poorest people.
High birth
rates contribute to overpopulation in many
developing countries. For all these reasons, developing
countries tend to have high rates of population growth.
In many developing countries, the problems of
Poverty are massive and pervasive. By the standards in developed countries, such
living conditions are considered effects of deep poverty.
Developed countries also tend to have a high cost of living.
Even in developed countries, unemployment rates may be high. In developing countries, deforestation has had particularly devastating environmental effects.
Changes in labor markets in developed countries have also contributed to increased poverty levels. In many developed nations the number of people living in poverty has increased due to rising disparities in the distribution of resources within these countries. Some people believe that poverty is a symptom of societal structure and that some people will always be poor. Poverty has wide-ranging and often devastating effects. In developing countries, the poorest people cannot obtain adequate calories to develop or maintain their appropriate body weight.
Many developing nations experience severe and widespread poverty, which often leads to disease epidemics, starvation, and deaths. Poverty disproportionately affects women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Political instability and wars in many sub-Saharan countries have also contributed to poverty.
The nature of poverty in the developed world differs greatly from that in the developing world. In developed countries, the majority of people commonly earn over 200 times the per capita (per person) income of the poorest developing countries. For reasons that are only partly understood, the United States has higher rates of poverty than most other developed countries.
Poverty rates in some developed countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, are higher among racial minorities. Indigenous people in developed countries also tend to suffer from very high rates of poverty. Although pockets of high poverty exist, poor people live in all areas of the United States.
There are many factors that might account for the differences in rates of poverty among developed countries. The Scandinavian countries, which have the lowest poverty rates of all developed countries, have fairly homogenous populations.
How people and institutions portray and try to cope with poverty depends to a considerable extent on how poverty is measured. Countries with high GDPs can have low levels of poverty if people have relatively equal amounts of income and resources, such as in Scandinavia. On the other hand, countries with equally high GDPs will have higher poverty rates if a few people have far more income and resources than the rest. The United States is such a country.
Welfare payments, therefore, can put people above the poverty level. Different poverty thresholds apply to people in different living situations. Other subjective definitions of poverty focus on people’s quality of life. National governments use poverty measurements to develop programs that provide assistance to the poor. The governments of most developing countries provide limited assistance to prevent some poverty. A variety of organizations support antipoverty programs in developing countries. Developing countries themselves run some NGOs. Like NGOs, some of these banks operate within developing countries.
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