The epic is the oldest type of poetry. The central figure of these tales of myth and adventure is the hero - a legendary
warrior capable of doing battle with the gods themselves. Indeed, the gods form an important part of the tapestry that makes up the epic poem. For those were days when the gods and men interacted with each other, almost on an equal footing. The subject matter of these epics usually deals with the exploits and adventures of these personages. But there is another, more serious, purpose underlying these lengthy poems: it is to preserve the memory of their ancestors and the history of their nations.
The Odyssey is among the oldest - and the grandest - of the world's epics. It deals with the
wanderings of the greek hero Odysseus after the Greek triumph in the Trojan War. But is also a tale of Odysseus strength of determination and his powers of endurance. After the fall of Troy, Odyssey sets sail for his home (Ithaca) and wife (Penelope). But his triumphant return home is delayed - even unusually so - by a combination of factors. It appears that Odysseus, the greatest of the Greek heroes, has forfeited the favour of the gods. But, in truth, he must confront the force and fury of nature before he can make good his return.
This epic tells us much about the central figure (Odysseus), his daring, his vision and his leadership qualities. But it also tell us a great deal about the age during which it was composed. Odysseus, the son of Laertes, is no ordinary man. Odysseus is tested - time and time again - before he can complete his homeward journey. The trials and tribulations of Odysseus form the central theme of this epic. But there are other, supplementary, themes as well... In fact, the mythology of an entire nation is woven around these lengthy travels. Their myths and mythology, their hopes and aspirations, their belief in the magic of nature, their hidden fears, all find outward expression in this narration. The cast of characters includes warriors, kings, gods and monsters.
In those (bygone) days, epic poetry fulfilled many of the same functions that plays and novels do nowadays - not only do these epic poems tell a good story full of excitement and suspense, they also reveal human character when confronted with difficulty and danger. The epic
describes the vast geography of a nation, and brings to life many far and distant places (Troy, Same, Ithaca) that were mere names or places upon the map. Though the strength of a poem - especially an epic poem of this sort - is its moving imagery; other and more varied content lies just beneath the surface. Content relating to the activities of the Greek people, their mores and customs and descriptions of their ancient civilization.
In brief, the Odyssey describes the wanderings of Odysseus (and his company of warriors) across the canvas of Greece after their triumph over Troy. Although his entire company perishes during the course of this journey, only Odyssey is able to make good his return as - in his heart of hearts - only he truly desires to return to his home and wife. Not even the gods and goddesses are able to hinder him in this purpose! His heart pure and his purpose noble; Odysseus alone is able to escape the consequence of his actions - the death and destruction he has caused among the Trojan people. Odysseus alone is able to answer the spirits of the dead, and to escape from the death that was his due; Odysseus alone is able to avoid the wrath of the gods.
The story of the Odyssey unfolds in two distinct parts. The first part deals with the travels - and the adventures - of Odysseus himself. The second part of the story deals with Penelope and her many suitors.
The two strands of the story proceed simultaneously, and only come together with the return of Odysseus to the shores of Ithaca.