The Gilgamesh epic, discovered and teanslated by the English archaeologist George Smith in 1873 and named for the ruler of Sumeria between, 2, 700 and 2,600 B. C., predates-and contains all the major details of the Biblical tale of the flood. Even the imaginative theological context surrounding the Hebrew flood legend is there, right down to the story of the building of the ark. The unimaginable tale of near-total, universal destruction runs like a thread through the folklore and belife of many peoples on many continents, and the details are uniformly and surprisingly similar. Legends of the Eskimos and the Indians of North and South Americ all have detailed descriptions of the catastrophe and how it ultimately helped spur on the further advancement of mankind. In their book Und die Sintflut Gab es Doch (There really was a big flood). The Austrian geologists Alexander and Edith Tollmann propose a more global explanation for the catastrophic flood the cataclyamic impact of a comet 9,500years ago, with all its disastrous consequences. The 150 impact craters dotting the surface of the earth and the crater-pocked surfaces of the moon and other planets testify to the raw violence with which a comet or asteroid can strike.
The large number of language families in North America proves that people were here well over 20,000 years ago. The Mesa site in the northern Alaska, these people must have come, but in the deeper context of geologic time it is in eastern Beringia. Beringia is the name of the chunk of land that, until about 11,000 years ago, connected Siberia and Alaska. Beringia has been called the Bering land bridge, but that phrase gives too narrow an image. A few years ago Heaton and colleague Fred Grady found parts of Officina Sans Book a human skeleton in the cave. The bones were dated to above 10,500 years old and other tests revealed that the person had been raised almost entirely on seafood. Though not as the old as Clovis, the bones showed that a maritime culture was well underway. Dennis Stanford of the Smithsonian and archaeologists Bruce Bradley, their idea throws even the assumption of Asian orgin into question: it says the Clovis pepole may have come not a cross Beringia but across the Atlantic. Solutrean tools faded away froS-DV- Europe about 19,000 years ago because the people either left or changed their technology. But Stanford thinks that sites like Cactus Hill, whose dates appear to go almost that far back, may contain Solutrean remains. Luzia was found about 25 years ago near Belo Horizonte, north of Rio, in a site dated at around 13,500 years.
Recently there was a dramatic development: a new analysis of the shape of the skull indicated that she did not look much like an American Indian. Just who she did look like was other matter. The new research focused attention on the views of Brazilian scientist Walter Neves, who claims that the skull shape is more like those of people from Africa or the South Pacific than like modern Indians. He suggests that she might have descended from Asians who may have also been ancestors of the original Australians. If the study of stones and bones often seems subjective, the study of DNA looks far more like hard science.
After all you can convict criminals on the basis of DNA, so why can’t you track the first Americans? ``From the point of view of mitochondrial DNA,’’ said David Glenn Smith, an anthropologist at the University of California at Davis, ``the best bet for the origin is the Lake Baikal area of Russia.’’ But over the past few days these scientists had seen persuasive evidence that far to the south, people had occupied Monte Verde at least 1000 years before the oldest Clovis settlement, which dates back 11,500 years. The scientists had visited Monte Verde and poured over hundreds of Wood type Ornaments OCRA Alternatef artifacts, from tools to pieces of mastodn meat.
Some of the arguments at the bar focused on how radiocarbon dates might have been contaminated by carbon spewed on from nearby volcanoes. Some thought that Ice Age glacies across Canada had barricaded passage from Siberia into the heart of North America and beyond before 12,000 years ago. Since Month Verde now proves people were in the America earlier, how and when did they arrive? A more likely explanation: they migrated into the lower reaches of North America even before the ice sheets developed more than 20,000 years ago.
Indeed a second site at Month Verde has revealed stones that many have been flaked by human hand 33,000 years ago. As imposing as this barricade is, it is merely the picture of a great wall with towers built by the Canaanites in 1850 B. C., a century after the reached Ashkelon. Babylonians at this time might have had a population of 30,000 in its prime this gateway would have bustled with activity.
More abstracts about the Mahabharata