National interest,a fundamental concept in international politics and the substantial basis and determining factor in foreign policy making,is both objective and subjective.The objectivity refers to the common and essential elements which are needed for nations to act as"nations"in the world.Physical survival,autonomy,economic well-being,and national dignity constitute the objective national interests.The subjectivity of national interest refers to how states recognize and approach their national interests.Subjective national interests are built upon the objective national interests and constructed by the respective national cultures.Since each nation has its own culture,subjective national interests vary from one nation to another.However,it is the objective national interests that set limits on what states can do in their foreign policy.National power and its position in the world cannot explain a nation's strategic goals,but they can determine the means by which a nation pursues its aims.Studies from the perspective of the objectivity and subjectivity of national interest help us to understand the universality and particularity of the foreign policy of nations.