Biofuels: they are all fuels produced from renewable biological sources. Alcohol (or ethanol), biomass and biofuels
are
biodiesel. Biofuels are made from corn, soybean, linseed, gentle-pinion, castor bean, sugar cane, palm oil, sewage, remains of food, animal waste and rice, but are not limited to only those fontes.Em Paris, in the year 1900, a German inventor - Diesel, Rudolph, presented in the World Exhibition in Paris, a diesel engine was presented to the public working with cpmbustíveis plant; peanut oil, with the hope that farmers could cultivate their own sources of fuel. The first diesel engines were kind of indirect injection. Such engines were fuelled by filtered oil, vegetable oils and even by fish oils. Biodiesel is a fuel derived from biological sources that can be used in diesel engines instead of diesel derived from oil. For the process of (transesterification - the chemical process in which an alcohol reacts with the triglycerides in vegetable oil or animal fats, separating the glycerin and producing (biodiesel - oil renewable clean burning). For example the use of discarded vegetable oil: the oil frying pan that is closest filtered (because chunks of potatoes and fish not lubrificam both chambers) and used in diesel engines modified, or converted into biodiesel by the process of transesterification and used in any diesel car. Vegetable oil Natural (OVN): Any oil plant has not been optimized by the process of transesterification. To use this type of vegetable oil in their diesel vehicle is necessary to change the engine to heat the oil before reaching the jet fuel - otherwise the vegetable oil with pine cold weather . Raw materials for the production of biodiesel are: vegetable oils, animal fats, waste oils and fats. Vegetable oils and fats are basically composed of triglycerides, esters of glycerol and fatty acids. Moglicerídeo or diglicerídeo The term refers to the number of acids. In soybean oil, the acid is the predominant Oleic acid in the oil babassu, the laurídico and beef tallow, the stearic acid.
Some sources for extraction of vegetable oil that can be used: berry of castor bean, pulp of palm, coconut, palm kernel of, the kernel of babassu coconut, sunflower seeds, coconut almond of the beach, lump of cotton, grain, peanuts, canola seed, seed of passion fruit, avocado pulp, lump of oiticica, seed, linseed, seeds of tomatoes and turnip forrajeiro. Although some native plants have good results in laboratories, such as pequi, buriti and macaúba, their production is extractive and no commercial plantations to assess accurately their potential. That would take some time, since the search has not yet developed national agricultural research with focus in the field of botanical and agronomic cycles of these species.
Among animal fats, it is the beef tallow, oils, fish, the oil mocotó, pork lard, among others, are examples of animal fat with potential for production of biodiesel. The waste oils and fats, resulting from domestic processing, commercial and industrial can also be used as raw material.
Oils of chips represent a large potential supply. A survey of primary supply of oil residual chips, susceptible of being collected, shows a potential for offering the country more than 30 thousand tonnes per year.
Some possible sources of waste oils and fats are: industrial kitchens and cafeterias, industries which occurs at frying of food products, the municipal sewers where the cream is super rich in terms grease, wastewater processes of food industries.
In Brazil we already have 152 plants in 24 states that produce the biodiesel. The trend is the increasing number of plants, as in Brazil has great advantages in its geography agrônomas by lies in a tropical region, with high rates of brightness and average annual temperatures. Linked to water availability and regularity of rainfall, becomes the country with greatest potential for renewable energy production. variety of options for production of biodiesel, such as palm and babassu in the north, soya, sunflower and groundnut in the south, southeast and center-west, and castor bean, which besides being the best option in the semi-arid northeast, presents itself also as an alternative to other regions of the country. In order to give a dimension to the prospect of expanding production of biodiesel in Brazil.