Total Quality Management (TQM) isa comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeksto improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements(process of improvement).$0$0$0$0TQM requirements may be defined separately for aparticular organization or may be in adherence to established standards. It can be applied to any type of organization; it originated in the manufacturingsector and has since been adapted for use in almost every type of organizationimaginable, including schools, hotel management, and churches. TQM is based onquality management from the customer's point of view. $0$0$0$0$0 TQM has three main components: $0$0 ·
Total: Involving the entire organization. It is astrategy developed at the top management level and disseminated throughoutorganisation irrespective of rank and designation. $0$0 ·
Quality : the services or/and products contains necessarycharacteristics and meet or exceed customers expectations. $0$0 ·
Management : The system of managing with steps like Plan, Organize, Control , Lead , Staff , provisioning and organizing . $0$0$0$0$0 As defined b y the International Organization forStandardization (ISO): "TQM is amanagement approach for an organization, centered on quality, based on theparticipation of all its members and aiming at long-term success throughcustomer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and tosociety".
$0$0$0$0$0 TQM processes are divided intofour sequential categories: plan, do, check, and act (the
PDCA cycle).In the
planning phase, people define the problem to be addressed,collect relevant data, and ascertain the problem's root cause; in the
doingphase, people develop and implement a solution, and decide upon a measurementto gauge its effectiveness; in the
checking phase, people confirm theresults through before-and-after data comparison; in the
acting phase,people document their results, inform others about process changes, and makerecommendations for the problem to be addressed in the next PDCA cycle. $0