We communicate our messages (meanings) through one of the two types of speech: the exposition and the argument.
The
exposition consists of declaration that describe, without trying to explain some thing.
The
argument allows to explain, to interpret, to defend, to defy and to explore the meaning. Both deduction and induction are two types of arguments of great importance for the scientific research.
Deduction is an inference form that seems to be conclusive. So for determined deduction is considered correct it must be true and to be valid:
a)
True deduction - the premises (reasons) given for the conclusion must agree to the real world;
b)
Valid deduction - the conclusion must, necessarily, leave of the premises.
A deduction is valid since that it is impossible that the conclusion is false if the premises will be true.
In Induction, differently of the deduction, it does not have such force of relationship between reasons and conclusions. In the induction it is arrived a conclusion to leave of one or more facts in particular, or of determined proves. The conclusion (hypothesis) explains the facts, and the facts give support to the conclusion. It is an explanation, but it has others that also are adjusted to the fact, having possibility to be true. However they demand confirmations you add that they are brought with more tests, having been great part of the research object the determination of the nature of the tests necessary to confirm or to reject the hypotheses and to assign methods for which to discover and to measure the tests.
Combination between induction and deduction he is described as
“double movement of the reflective thought”. However, attention must be given where, in the majority of the research, they are dealt with multiple hypotheses, through which the phenomena in question are explained. Then, a study is planned to test all the hypotheses of a time.
Reflective thought and scientific method: Induction and deduction, observation and test of hypothesis can be combined of systematic form to illustrate the scientific method. Therefore, it must be understood that the research, when lead of scientific form is one
process. The exercise of the imagination in the scientific attitude is considered as
“spirit of science”, in the meaning that it liberates the creative orientation allowing the
discovery. The main challenges are to capture the most essential aspect of the problem, and to select one technique that discloses a phenomenon in its more natural state.