Taken the refining in a 18 t AOD vessel blowing through two annular tuyeres for example,the “back attack”phenomena of the horizontal rotating and non rotating jets and their effects on the erosion and wear of refractory lining under the different operating modes are investigated in a water model.The results indicate that comparing with the situation in bottom blowing,the horizontal rotating and non rotating gas jets have respectively the different features;on the back attack phenomena of these two jets,the gas stream of the main tuyere has a govening bearing and the sub tuyere stream shows an evident alleviation and preventing effect;the circulative motion of the liquid in the bath is another important reason to bring about the back attack;the buoyancy gives a considerable influence,it is not only able to increase the back attack intensity of a horizontal jet,but also to enlarge the locally eroded and worn zone of refractory lining;the influence of the tuyere position is not so remarkable in the conditions of the present work;the rotating motion of a horizontal jet may decrease the frequency and intensity of the back attack and reduce the eroded and worn rate and area of the refractory under the same bolwing pressure;the annular spiral tuyere with a reasonable structure may be expected to have a good latent using power and composite effectiveness.