Cross
sectional forces in tunnel like structures are determined without consideration
of stiffness drop due to concrete cracking and without taking redistribution
into account. This leads to substantial overestimation of bending moments
especially in case of a distinct interaction between structure and soil. To
prevent this the stiffness oriented computations must be applied which are part
of regulations (also Eurocodes) as well as generally used instruments in
engineering practice and in research. Detailed description of this close to
reality approach contains the book "Steifigkeitsorientierte Statik im
Stahlbetonbau", Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2003.