No one knows the scope of
biodiversity, how many species of plants and animals share the planet with human beings. Whatever
the actual number of species but the preservation of
biodiversity itself is vital to humanity. Current patterns of resource exploitation by Humankind''s do not bode well for the future of biodiversity. Ecologist Norman Myers recently estimated that some 600,000 species have been vanished since 1950. Today, two of every three species are estimated to be in decline. Aquatic biodiversity is extremely large and relatively poorly understood. Therefore the risk associated with use of GMOs or any genetically distinctive strain used in
aquaculture is large. Aquaculture, beyond doubt, is the fastest growing food-producing sector in the world. The production of appropriate genetically modified organisms or (GMOs) offers considerably opportunities for more efficient and more effective aquaculture across a wide range of species. Although this potential is being realized in agricultural crop production globally. In aquaculture to a very negligible extent this potential is tested to commercial lines. In this review, the nature of GMOs, the range of aquatic species in which GMOs have been developed, the methods and target gene employed, benefits and effects on aquatic biodiversity, problems associated with the use of GMOs were discussed to length.