Physiology of Plant
Living organisms are extremely
complex function system. An important group of these consists of plant, which
have the capability to synthesize organic compounds from two basic raw material
water and carbon dioxide, using the
energy trapped from sunlight. They must be
able to transport water, minerals and processed organic compounds to different
parts of their body. Existence of all other organism depends on this capability
of
plants, but the organisms that derive their food directly or indirectly from
plants need to have mechanism to digest this food and eliminate the toxic
waste.
Plants
germinate from seeds,
grow, develop mature, reproduce, and die. Plant
physiology is the study of these processes. In other words, plant physiology
deals with how plant function. Plants are autographs and make their own food by
utilizing carbon dioxide,
sun light and water. But before plants become photo synthetically component after the emergence of leaves, the germinating
plants get their food from reserves in the cotyledons as in peas and beans. As
the plant grow, the rate of food production is shifted from cotyledons to fully
exposed leaves, which take variety of shapes and sizes, and carry the process
of photosynthesis. It is said that “only the sun gives without taking.” And
plants play a big role in this process. The sun energy is converted to ATP,
which is necessary for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates. The
carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose or starch) are utilize in respiration by themselves
(and also by animal which eat plants) to form ATP that provides the energy
necessary for life’s function. The process of respiration that produces ATP uses
oxygen that is released during photosynthesis. It is this oxygen that changed
the atmosphere from one full of hydrogen to one rich in oxygen. Plants possess
the capability of taking up nitrogen & other nutrients, along with water,
from the soil through an elaborate root system. The inorganic and organic
nutrients act as building blocks and help plants grow & reproduce. All
these activities in plants, like any other living organism, follow the known
chemical and physical laws.
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