Inanimate and living world, both obey the universal laws which the physical sciences have discovered and analyzed.
But living organisms also have to follow the instructions of the genetic program and form a hierarchy of increasingly complex systems of molecules, cells and tissues to whole organisms, populations and species. In any system there are higher on characteristics that result would not only from knowledge of the components can be predicted. This phenomenon of emergence is not limited however to the living world.
Living organisms have the following distinctive features:
Ability to Evolution
Capacity for self-replication
Capacity for growth and differentiation using a genetic program
Ability to metabolism (binding and release of energy)
Ability to self-regulation, the complex system in stable equilibrium keep
Ability to respond to environmental stimuli
Ability to change on 2 levels, the phenotype and the genotype
Objectives of all sciences, including the biological sciences to satisfy the curiosity and improve the world. Whether science is value free or value creation or undermines is controversial. Mayr, however, stressed that science as a great power of the human spirit.
In biology there are few universal laws in the physical sciences. The laws of biology are usually probabilistic Art Most contentious aspects of the science result from different definitions of terms.
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