This activity, the very little time behind, in Brazil, it was an
operation accomplished manually, with I aid him of
axes, mainly in the
areas of larger readiness of work being hand, later on, substituted by
dvotaktne motorje, turning this semi-automated activity. The court of
the wood is only an urn typical worker''s operation and also one of the
operations more deteriorating in the system of forest crop, being the
one that presents the largest risks of accidents in the whole forest
service (Seixas, l998). Starting from the decade of 90, the great
forest companies led off the system of automated, given court the labor
shortage, high index of work accidents and at the high cost of the
operation. The first machines were used: the "feller-buncher"
(cutter-accumulator ") and the"
harvester "(forest" "harvester).
Systems semi-automated (dvotaktne motorje) THE first motosserra was
built in 1916 I fetter Swedish engineer Westfeld. In 1924, this same
motosserra, with some improvements and the gasoline engine with a two
times of 57cv of potency, it was marketed with the name of Sector. The
beginning of this machine was a current with triangular teeth worked
directly by the denominated separate picture of group-motor. In the
decade of 20 whose motosserra a new beginning based on the sliding of
the current on a sabre with channels appeared. In Brazil, the main
dvotaktne motorje makers are HUSQVARNA and STIHL. Now, the motosserra
the tool., It comes of court being substituted, mainly for the great
companies of the forest section, for more sophisticated machines as the
accumulative cutters and the forest colhedoras. That comes substitution
happening due to the high cost of the work and hand due to the risks
provided by the use of the same, mainly the ones related the
ergonometria, However, due to its low acquisition cost, its easiness of
I handle and, in some cases, by virtue of the terrible and
topographical conditions of the low amount of wood to be explored, it
is still significant its use in many forest plantations. Automated
system the) Harvester (harvester) THE harvester is a capable
solemnity-propelled Versatile equipment. Accomplishing of the court and
the processing of the trees at the same time. In some cases, it can
also transform the wood in shavingses or "chips "and / or to accomplish
the primary
transport of the same, that is, to take the wood of the
point where he / she / it is making the court until the border of the
talhão. The colhedoras divides in two groups: Two-grip harvester:
composed by two groups of fixation claws, that first it cuts the tree
head with a court set up in a crane and later it transfers it to
accomplish the processing in a mechanism set up in the basis of its
platform, This system is more indicated for forests of high
productivity and that you possess hoist colours of great load. One-grip
harvester: it just possesses a group of fixation claws and it uses the
same processing equipment, set up in a relatively lighter crane, so
much for the discount as for the subsequent operations of desgalhamento
and toragem. This system, however, it is recommended more for less
productive forests, could be used so much at forests under regime of
shallow court or thin, THE productivity of this machine, according to
HAKKILA et alii, 1992, mentioned by SEIXAS, 1998 arrive at 30,000 m³.
years-1 at forests under regime of it thins and 40,000 m³. years-1
under regime of shallow court, what represents ten times more the
revenue of the motosserrista. The forest colhedoras, in general,
possesses high technical readiness, good ergonomic properties and
reduced impactante effect on the environment. B) accumulative Cutter (
"feller buncher"): THE court head or head is the characteristic element
of these machines. The head makes the discount and at the same time it
holds the cut tree facilitating the discount of another. With
relationship to the court type, the accumulative tters can be of
sheet, of current mountain or move mountains. These last two models
substitute the first due, compression of the fibers and cracks in the
wood provided during the court. The movement, in the current system of
mountains, it is generated by a hydraulic circuit and not for the
explosion motor, therefore being more potent than a motosserra.
However, this system presents smaller court speed and larger need of
maintenances. The court system through circular mountains facilitates
excellent revenues, it blunts the system it presents problems as the
height of court of the stump. The fact of the court head to be
incorporated to the chassis of the tractor inside it implies in a
larger displacement of the machine of the talhão. In systems of shallow
court, the accumulative revenue cutter presents high court. FREITAS
& ANTIQUEIRA (l993), mentioned by SEIXAS (l998), they verified the
productivity of 45 st / hour in shallow court of eucalyptus it cuts 22
st / homem.dia for motosserra operators. The restrictions to the
feller-bunchers "use say respect to the slope of the land, the existing
limit of about 35% with decrease in the operational revenue. IBDF /
COPLAN. 1981. Wood transport and derived. Reviewed of the Wood, Sao
Paulo (354): 12-15 Jun. DURATEX SA Harvesting of wood in the forests
with low volume for tree. In: Annals of the 4th Brazilian Symposium On
Crop and Forest Transport. 5-8 Oct 1999. P.54-73. GONÇALVES , JLM
Conservation of soils used for forest ends. In: 1st course of recycling
in "and I Prepare Conservation of Forest Soils." Piracicaba. September,
1996. 32 ps SEIXAS, F. A selection methodology and sizing of the fleet
of road vehicles for the main transport of wood. Thesis
(doctorate)-EESC. School of Engineering of San Carlos. San Carlos,
1992. 120p. SEIXAS, F. 1987. Exploration and transport of Eucalyptus
spp. IPEF, Piracicaba. 40 P..