integrated
circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that
semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes,and by mid-20-th century technology advancements in semiconductor devices fabrication.The integration of large numbers of tiny
transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly's of circuits using discrete electronic components .The
integrated circuit's mass production capability and reliability and building block approach to circuit design of standardized IC's in place of designs using discrete transistors.ADVANTAGES: 1.discrete circuits,1.cost and performance,2.Quick,3.Consumes low power.
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