The quantum
mechanics has like date of birth year 1900, when Max Planck raised the possibility of interpreting the emission of the radiation like a phenomenon that is cuantizado. Another phenomenon that had the same type of explanation was the photoelectric effect. In 1905 Albert Einstein it presented/displayed the corpuscular model (photons) like solution of this effect. As of that moment the question "the light, is wave or particle", it lets have validity. There are situations in which the light behaves according to the undulatory model. Other experiences corresponded with a corpuscular model for the electromagnetic waves. In 1924 Luis-Victor de Broglie it proposed, by analogy to the dual phenomenon in electromagnetism, that also the particles present/display dualidad. Or it is, the particles, that in the classic mechanics are structures different from the waves, present/display in the quantum mechanics a "associate wave". This notion revolutionized the contemporary physics and it was confirmed in 1927 for electrons ("electron diffraction", in a resemblance of the experiment of the double crack of Young) in two independent investigations. In the University of Aberdeen, G.P. Thomson used an
electron beam that affected a thin metal plate and observed a ray diagram similar to the diffraction of the light. On the other hand, in the Bell labs, J. Davisson and H. Germen they used a device similar to the previous one, but where the electrons arrived at a crystalline cell. The equation of of Broglie is structurally simple; with her the
wavelength of a particle, and including the one of a macrocospic body can be determined. In that equation, the wavelength is equal to the quotient between the constant of Planck (h) and the module of the angular momentum (or linear moment) of the object (p=mv). The wavelength of two structures with very different dimensions can be calculated, for example an electron that moves with speed of module 3.107m/s and a mass automobile 1200kg, moving to 100km/h(aproximadamente 27,8m/s). In the case of the electron, the wavelength is l=h/(mv)=6,6.10-34/(9,1.10-31.3.107)=2,4.10-11m, value near the one of the electromagnetic
waves in the case of x-rayses. This allows to construct and to use electron microscopes, that illuminate a sample with the
associated wave of the electron! The wavelength of the car is l=h/(mv)=6,6.10-34/(1200. 27,8)=2,8.10-32m, value impossible to measure, for that reason is not observed the wave associated with macrocospic objects, that behave as it describes the Newtonian mechanics to it.
More abstracts about the Of Broglie:onda associated to a particle