1.
Science
a.
Definition
Science comes
from Arabic terminology as a deep knowledge of the truth. It can be found trough seeking, discovering,
studying, reserch, taking cyclus deducto
hypotico ferificative, altough without serching prosses but it can be given (trough revelation or
inspiration) by The Almaighty. In the English terminology, science has
many meanings. There are:
1)
All
science is aquired by the result of inductive and deductive cyclus, and the verification of validation continually.
2)
The collection of knowledge has been
examined the validity empirically.
3)
The systematic knowledge.
4)
The science is formed trough the
companionship with the first order based the result of the observational fact
(observational order) and the second order based on human being concept about
the universe (conceptive order/white head).
5)
Science is a compilation of collective
human rationality that was produced by logic, and the proof of the universe.
6)
It is an exploration to the universe based
on observation and seeking the natural relationships regularly, concerned the
observing phenomena and also can try by his self.
7) It is a human struggle used his human potential to know sunnatullah from the component of the
world from the system of Allah creature.
2.
The Aspect of science
There are two aspect in science called by scientific knowledge and moral
and sense aspect.
a.
Scientific knowledge
This aspect focuses to the certain thing. It views that every truth even
the smallest and the worst and the furthest is the research object that can be
proofed by every reason. Science is the universal truth. No one can stand off
this research. Nothing can be hidden, nothing will be mystery forever.
b. Moral and sense aspect
It views that there are something that can be found by science of human
being, so they have to consulate to The Transcendental, Allah Almighty. Beside
this, the human reach is limit and imperfect. However, human have given the
science ability to reach it.
c. Science object
1) Material object (objectum
materiale) is the whole of the material used to observe a science.
2) Formal object (objectum formale)
is the material object illuminated a science, so can differentiate each science
if has the same object.
d. The requirement of science
There are some
requirements in order to call something as science:
1) There is an object for research. It must be survived clearly and accurately.
2) The object is survived with a method.
3) The research always gets the result then can be arranged, organized,
clarificated, and categorized.
4) All activities in science research is to fulfill the human needs.
e. The brunches of science
1) Olden time and middle of century
The system of
education in olden time and in the middle of century is based on artistic
liberalism and the freedom of art, consist of trivium and quarium.
There are three kinds of trivium. The first is
grammatical in order to work out the children with speaking ability, second is
dialectical in order to shape them in a good thinking ability logically and
formally, and the third is rhetorical is
order to make someone can speak well.
In Quarivum, there are four parts, arithmetical
(counting science), geometrical (measuring science), musical (music science),
and also astronomical (astral science).
2) The principal laws in Indonesia
The principal laws about the university No. 22/1961 in Indonesia categorized
science into four; spiritual (religious and psychological), cultural
(literature, history, education, and philosophize), social (verdict, economic,
social-politic, state-structure, and trade-structure), and exact and technical
(biology, medicine, pharmacy, agricultural, geology, and oceanography).
It can be called that science is divided into three
groups; natural science consist of biology, physical anthropology, pharmacy,
agricultural, technical, geology, etc. the second is social science consist of
economic, sociology, cultural-anthropology, cultural and social, history,
journalist, etc. The last humanities studies consist of religion, philosophy, language,
art, psychological etc.