Machine

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Original Author: P03

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Machine
Wind turbines
The scientific definition of a machine is any device that transmits or

modifies energy. In common usage, the meaning is restricted to devices having rigid moving parts that perform or assist in performing useful work. It normally requires some energy source ("input") and always accomplishes some sort of work. Devices with no rigid moving parts are commonly considered tools, or simply devices, not machines.
People have used mechanisms to amplify their abilities since before written records were available. Generally these devices decrease the amount of force required to do a given amount of work, alter the direction of the force, or transform one form of motion or energy into another.
The mechanical advantage of a simple machine is the ratio between the force it exerts on the load and the input force applied. This does not entirely describe the machine''s performance, as force is required to overcome friction as well. The mechanical efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the actual mechanical advantage (AMA) to the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA). Functioning physical machines are always less than 100% efficient.
Modern power tools, automated machine tools, and human-operated power machinery are tools that are also machines. Machines used to transform heat or other energy into mechanical energy are known as engines.
Hydraulics devices may also be used to support industrial applications, although devices entirely lacking rigid moving parts are not commonly considered machines. Hydraulics are widely used in heavy equipment industries, automobile industries, marine industries, aeronautical industries, construction equipment industries, and earthmoving equipment industries.
Types of machines and other devices
Types of machines and other devices
Simple machines
Inclined plane, Wheel and axle, Lever, Pulley, Wedge, Screw
Mechanical components
Gear, Rope, Spring, Wheel, Axle, Bearings, Belts, Seals, Roller chains, Link chains, Rack and pinion, Fastener, Key (lock)relau
Clock
Atomic clock, Chronometer, Pendulum clock, Quartz clock
Compressors and Pumps
Archimedes screw, Eductor-jet pump, Hydraulic ram, Pump, Tuyau, Vacuum pump
Heat engines
External combustion engines
Steam engine, Stirling engine
Internal combustion engines
Reciprocating engine, Wankel engine, Jet engine, Rocket, gas turbine
Linkages
Pantograph, Peaucellier-Lipkin
Turbine
Gas turbine, Jet engine, Steam turbine, Water turbine, Wind generator, Windmill (Air turbine)
Airfoil
Sail, Wing, Rudder, Flap, Propeller
Electronic machines
Computing machines
Calculator, Computer, Analog computer
Electronics
Transistor, Diode, Capacitor, Resistor, Inductor
Biological machines
Virus, Bacterium, Cell (biology), Plant and animal, DNA computers, Human being, The Mind
Miscellaneous
Robot, Vending machine, Wind tunnel