The hypothesis that only matter exists not only fails to be inevitable, it is actually implausible in the light of quantum
physics. The physicists assure us that at the smallest level, matter behaves according to laws that are
statistical rather than deterministic; that the exact behavior of fundamental particles is unpredictable in principle. They imagine that the dethroning of
causality is a matter of minor importance, since individual electrons are unimportant to our daily affairs and at the scale in which we live, statistical laws ensure that causality continues to operate. But philosophically, to say that the behavior of an electron has no natural cause is to say that its cause is supernatural. What quantum physics shows sounds much like what theology calls the immanence of God’s action in the world -- that at every moment, God maintains in being everything in the universe -- down to that last electron.