Heightened blood pressure; Increase of stress hormones; Shortness of breath; Heart palpitations; Trembling; Heightened senses;
Dulled senses; Yelling; Animated and exaggerated body movement; Stiffness of posture; Constipation; Contracted pupils; Increased physical strength; Speech and motion are faster and more intense; Tense muscles; Impotence; Criticism; Irritation; Hatred; Silence; increased swearing; Passive Aggressive Behavior; Resentment-Bitterness; Envy; Jealousy; Insecurity; Low self-esteem; Self-loathing; Judgmentalism; Condemning; Malaise; Depression; Anxiety; Apathy; Sleeplessness
At the end of the 19th century, Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, argued that
individuals are born with an innate loving instinct, however anger and hostility arise when the individuals need for love is unmet, frustrated or hindered. A century later, this view was deprecated by the American Psychological Association and the American Anthropological Association, who in 1988 reviewed the available research and concluded that people are not genetically predisposed to
violence, and that violence cannot be scientifically related to natural evolutionary processes. At the beginning of the 21st century, the consensus is reversing again, as recent research<2> and <3>, conducted with the benefit of the fully-mapped human genome, has begun to pinpoint specific genes that increase the risk of socially harmful behavior such as aggressiveness, anti-social behavior, suicide, drug abuse, etc.