THE PRESS FOR
BIODIESEL Raw materials for the production of biodiesel
are vegetable oils, animal fats, oils and grease
waste. Vegetable oils
and fats are basically composed of triglycerides, esters of glycerol
and fatty acids. The term moglicerídeo or diglicerídeo refers to the
number of acids. In soybean oil, the acid is the predominant oléico
acid in the oil, babassu, laurídico in beef tallow, the stearic acid.
Some sources for extraction of vegetable oil that can be used: jagod
mamona, pulp of dendê, the almond, coconut dendê, the almond, coconut
babassu, sunflower seeds, coconut almond of the beach, lump of cotton,
corn, peanuts, of canola seed, seed of passion fruit, the avocado pulp,
lump of oiticica, seed, flaxseed, seeds of tomatoes and nabo
forrajeiro. Although some native plants show good results in
laboratories, such as pequi, buriti and macaúba, their production is
extractive and no commercial plantations to assess accurately their
potential. That would take some time, since the search has not yet
developed national agriculture research with focus in the field of
botanical and agronomic cycles of these species. Among animal fats, it
is the beef tallow, fish oil, the oil mocotó, lard, pork, among others,
are examples of animal fat with potential for the production of
biodiesel. The residual oils and fats, resulting from processing
domestic, commercial and industrial can also be used as raw material.
Oils of chips represent a large potential supply. A survey of primary
supply of residual oils, chips, susceptible of being collected, shows a
potential for supply in the country exceed 30 tons per year. Some
possible sources of waste oils and fats are: industrial kitchens and
cafeterias, where industries occurs at frying of food products, the
municipal sewers where the cream supernatant is rich in terms grease,
wastewater processes of food industries. To produce the raw materials
necessary to meet the industry of biodiesel, it is a dramatic
investment in PD & I (Research, Development and Innovation) in
order to promote an energy density of species oil. The scenery
(designed in the chart above) requires that at the end of the period,
the average productivity will be 5 t.ha-1, as opposed to 600 kg.ha-1
today. Developments occur, initially, by improving the systems of
production, increase productivity and content of oil from oil today.
Meanwhile, in the medium and long term, the increase will occur by the
addition of new oil, especially palmáceas tropical, with a high
production capacity of oil per unit of area. Atendida the premise
increase in energy density, reduce the pressure on by the addition of
new areas, so that at the end of the period, defendants will be less
than 20 Mha (Figure 02), included the areas for Community production
and consumption. Mamona The ease of spread and adaptation in different
weather conditions provided a mamona be found or grown in the most
diverse regions of the world, as in the north of the United States and
Scotland. Pinhão Manso - Jatropha curcas Culture existing so
spontaneously in areas with little fertile soil and climate unfavorable
most traditional food crops, the pinhão gentle can be considered one of
the most promising oil southeast, center-west and northeastern Brazil.
The Sunflower Sunflower is a plant originating in the Americas, which
was used as food by American Indians, in combination with other
vegetables. Nabo Forrageiro nabo The forage is a plant of the family of
Crucíferas, widely used for green manure in winter, rotation of crops
and animal feed. Cotton Cotton, which is considered the most important
of textile fibres, natural or artificial, is also a plan to leverage
more complete and offering a wide range of products to help. The
soybean Soybean led the deployment of a new civilization in central
Brazil, leading the progress and development for the region depopulated
and devalued, making cities forth in the Cerrado. The Babaçu babassu
there is between the palms found in Brazilian territory by peculiarity,
grace and beauty of the structure that it is characteristic: reaching
reach between 10 to 20 meters high. Palma The palm is a perennial crop.
It begins to bear fruit from 3 years, after sown, has an economic life
of 20 to 30 years. Tungue The tungue is native to Asia, where it is
grown predominantly in China. "Tung" in Chinese means "heart", the name
inspired by the format of the leaves of such plants.