Nicolau Maquiavel was born in Florence in May three, 1469, son of Marietta di Lodovico Corsini and Bernardo Nicolau Maquiavel, this, doctor in laws. The curiosity of Maquiavel is sharpened more and more by the political facts of the time. This joins to King Aragão(Nápoles) to dominate Florence and reconduz the family Medici to the power. It falls therefore the republican government of Soderini and Maquiavel is annulled and prisoner. There was a great emptiness: absence of a central power. Western Europe was monarchic and the Italian
principalities, arrested easy. The church, although influential it didn't get to dominate States and it didn't also encourage the unification of the principalities, dukedoms, kingdoms and republics under the power of a secular
prince. Lourenço of Medici left strengthened. Maquiavel to everything attends removing lessons of the religious leader's abrupt fall without weapons. To the twenty-nine years Maquiavel takes secretary's office on Monday would Seal of Florence. It is of the cunning and speed of César Borgia in the conquest Urbino that Maquiavel identifies a fundamental quality the any prince: virtù. HUMAN NATURE AND HISTORY Faithful to the concept of the truth execute, Maquiavel studies the history, above all the classic antique. Concluded that any that is the time and the space the man has unalterable human lines which are: ingrate, inconstant, simulators, cowards and avid of profit - THE Prince cap. According to Maquiavel, the principalities are two the types of principalities: He/she REPUBLISHES or PRINCIPALITIES. When the prince lives in his/her domain, difficultly it happens of coming lose her/it him. ANARCHY X PRINCIPALITIES AND REPUBLIC. The big
ones want to dominate and to oppress. Balanced society in the which the political power accomplished the function regeneradora and educator = Republic. In the case of the prince it is the right moment, in advance made calculations by him; moment in running of the time however the moment with guaranteed certainty of success for the perspicacity of the prince. The political activity was a practice of free men, the man as subject of the history. Of the mercenary soldiers A prince to have a strong state is necessary that he has a
good army and good laws. Of the duties of a prince to the militia. That it sorts out the princes should accomplish their promises. PRINCIPALITIES Territory or State whose sovereign is a prince or princess. The first and last reason of the politics of the prince is the job of those war forces. Good weapons, good troops, are just the ones that belong to the prince, composed of their citizens, of their subjects, of their creatures. For Maquiavel four ways exist of conquering, which can correspond to different ways to
conserve or of losing. He/she
conquers for own Virtu (energy, energy, resolution, talent, wild value and if necessary ferocious); it Conquers for the Fortune and for the strange weapons; it Conquers for the Perversity; it Conquers for the fellow citizens' Consent. Maquiavel is interested more in the first two ways. The ones that if they turned princes for own "Virtu" and for the own weapons, they know a lot of difficulties to
conquer and they install their principalities, for in him if they root, but later they find a lot of easiness to conserve him/it. The Principalities conquered with the strange weapons, that is, for the fortune, the rule is inverse: easiness to conquer, difficulty to conserve. It is also possible to turn Prince through the perversities: For Maquiavel two types of cruelties exist: the good practiced and the badly practiced. Some times it is the people, other times are the big ones that you/they constitute like this a Prince. The high Prince for the big ones - that feel their same ones, that you/they are insatiable, and to the which it doesn't dominate - he/she has a difficulty in maintaining than a high Prince for the people. It is transparent the preference of Maquiavel for the people anher hostility to the big ones. The power of the religious institutions is enough. Distinction among States to conquer: Overbearing: Difficult to conquer because all the subjects join around of the Prince and nothing has to wait of the foreigner. It is easy to conserve, being enough for that to extinguish the race of the Prince. Aristocratic: Easy to conquer. Republic: Difficult to maintain. Maquiavel doesn't get to hide his/her preference, tenderness and admiration for the free governments. IN THE PRÍNCIPE Maquiavel it took advantage of of the occasion of showing César Borgia's profile, type of new prince, model of political virtuosity, in opposition to Luís XII, hereditary prince that accumulates the lacks. It is understood the duties of the Christian prince. The prince should conserve his/her kingdom. The men are ingrate. The prince should choose for model the fox and the lion. When if it is prince, it can "be stopped finding legitimate reasons to color the execution" lack than he/she promised himself. The new prince should observe in never to turn powerful other prince, because it would be to work for his/her own ruin. Only a prince already wise person for himself can be well advised. A good minister is that that never thinks about himself, but always in the prince.
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