Avicenne is one of the plusgrands names of Islamic philosophy and theavicennism is at the carrefourde the
Eastern thought
and of theWestern thought. The form of the name under lequelAvicenne istraditionally known in the history of philosophy and dela medicine inOccident results from a change of the form authenticates IbnSina,occurred during the passage of this name through Spain.Viendrontensuite translations of the?uvres of Averroès. Consequencesin pourraientêtre followed, of
century in century, until our days.The effort of Averroès, continued in Andalusia in difficultcircumstances, was without lendemainen Western Islam. Thissignificance, and with it the vitalitéphilosophique one of theavicennism, it is indeed elsewhere than in Occident that nousavons toseek of it the testimony, namely in
Eastern Islam, in thismondeiranien in which Avicenne was originating and within the limitsof which it passatoute its life. As for the name of Averroès, it waspractically ignored in Orient;son?uvre could hardly cross the limitsof Spain; it did not survive mêmeque grace, partly, safe from theHebraic writing and by the traductionslatines published in Occident.The averroïsm, it is primarily the phénomènede the Latin"averroïsm", which was prolonged in Occident until XIIe century,etqui exerted an in-depth influence on the modern thought. Forcomprendrel'?uvre of Avicenne, it is thus important to replace it fromthe point of view where ellene ceased bearing fruit and inspiring,from generation to generation, descommentaires generally veryoriginal. Some co-ordinates serontutiles: in Latin Occident, the endof Xe century and the beginning of XIe are plutôtune period ofwaiting; one can hardly announce but the names of Gerbert(SylvestreII,1003), Fulbert (1028) and the school of Chartres, Lanfranc(1005-1089);Anselme saint is born in 1003. In Byzance, we meet the name dugrandphilosopher neoplatonician Michel Psellos (1008-1075). InOrientislamique, the thought is in full rise. The large theologist ofKalamsunnite, Al-Ash`ari, had left this world into 935; thephilosopheal-Farabi, called "the Second Master" (after Aristote), andof which one of livresdevait definitively to put Avicenne on thetrack, had died into 950. Lesthéologiens of the shi`ism duodécimain,Shaykh Saduq Ibn Babuyeh (991) and ShaykhMufid (1022), complete toconstitute the corpus of the traditions of Imamsdu shi`ismduodécimain, source of meditation for more philosopheavicennien. Factnot less significant for the cultural life and spirituellede IranianIslam: the proper father and the brother of Avicenne belonged àl'ismaelism. Itself, in its autobiography, fact allusion to theireffortspour of involving his adhesion with the brotherhood, the da`watismaélienne. Lerécit, continued and completed by its faithfulJuzjani disciple, allows us desuivre as well as possible the life ofour philosopher. The treatment having succeeded, lejeune Avicenneaccepted in reward free access to the important library dupalais.After the death of the prince and that of his father hisvieitinérante starts. He gives public courses to Gorgan(north-eastern area of the merCaspienne), where he starts to composehis Gun (Kanun) demédecine, work which in Latin translation wasduring several centuries labase medical studies in Europe. The shaykhcarried out face the compositiondu Shifa' and that of the medical Gun;a disciple read again lesfeuillets first, another those of the second.Avicenne made the cruelleexpérience of it. After death of princeShamsoddawleh and from the very start of the reign deson wire, thethings were spoiled completely for our philosopher. With Ispahan, newprogram of studious and productive life. Avicenne wrote mainly inclassical Arabic, who was for him what for us Latin was. But he alsowrote enpersan, his mother tongue.