Second World
War - Germany The peace treaty in the end of First World War, humiliated Germany. The country lost territories, the German
army and the German navy were limited. They paid compensations, which provoked a collapse in the economy and it caused unemployment in mass. In this dissatisfaction, Adolf Hitler raised his voice, appealing for the conviction of the people, who were oppressed by the winners and he got fast a great audience. He spoke in national superiority and he accused Jews and communist for the defeat. He created Socialist National Party and after President Hindenburg''s death in 1934, he turned his absolute power and in the summer of the same year, he established a totalitarian government. He began the rearmament program and in 1936 he was already confident to recover the area of Rhine. In the same year, he formed an alliance with the Italian fascist Benito Mussolini and together, they sent aid to the General Franco in the Spanish civil war besides they have signed the pact Berlin-Rome. Austria was the first side that he looked for. Adolf Hitler
entered in Vienna in 1938, without finding opposition. Czechoslovakia was the following victim. The first British minister, representing the defenders from Czechoslovakia, England, France and Russia went to Germany to try an agreement. In spite of having signed, the agreement was not followed by the Germans that invaded Czechoslovakia, certain that the
allies were not prepared for the fight. But in the following invasion, Poland, the war was declared. As the history proves that declaration came delayed, the hesitation allowed Germany to reach an armed force and a position in Europe, that to be defeated, it took six years of barbarism and atrocities. In September 1, 1939, the German army crossed the Poland’s board and in September 28, they arrived in Varsovy, the Capital. In March of 1940, Finland succumbed. After having offered a peace offer to the allies, Hitler developed plans of a definitive offensive against France. He invested for the north, attacking Norway and Denmark. England was in aid of Norway, but it arrived late. The British army, left then to the west attacking Holland and Belgium. The following step was France, after several offensives against the French front, the General Hoth''s Panzer division, crossed the line Rouen''s close fire and the French defense fell. On June 14, 1940 the German troops entered in Paris. England now, it should struggle alone. Due to the critical situation, Germany thought it would be made a peace agreement. That didn''t happen. To get to the British, Germany invaded Russia, that offered wheat fields in Ukraine and petroleum in Caucasus and besides it could still intervene beside the British army. They didn''t take into account the obstinacy, the rains and the Russian winter. The beginning of the German ruin was decreed in Stalingrad. In Atlantic Ocean the German objective was to interrupt the supply of provisions and armaments for England and their allies. America entered in the war in response to Pearl Harbor''s bombing in December of 1941. Several factors influenced on the allied decision of invading Sicily and the Italian peninsula. To guarantee the communications in Mediterranean and to do pressure on Italian and German people, so this way the planning for the disembarkation in Normand could be completed. On June 4, 1944, the Americans entered in Rome, after Kesselring declared that Rome was an open city, so this way the city could not be destroyed. In the night of 5 for June 6, three divisions, two Americans and a British one, were thrown of the air on Normand. After having reached the objectives, 150.000 men transported by 2.700 embarkations, leaning for a heavy bombing, disembarked at the Normandy’s beaches. On August 19, the forces of French resistance rioted and in the 25 after the German commander''s surrender, General Gaulle proclaimed the liberation of the city. In the end of 1944 the allied progrehad been delayed, in spite of a load offensive, in the half of November they were still to 50 km of Rhine. But the optimism was big; France and Belgium had been freed with easiness. The Americans entered in Rhine in March of 1945. On April 25 Berlin was enclosed and two days later the Russians found the Allies in Elba. Hitler was poisoned in his bunker in Berlin, on the 30 and it fell to the generals to conclude the arrangements of the surrender. On May 2 the German forces in Italy surrendered and on the 4 Admiral Donitz signed the capitulation.
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