Semantic, the branch of the linguistica, that the interest of the
meant philosophy for the studies the
meant of the
words is ancient how much, but the
Semantic term was created from the French linguista Bréal
on the base of Greek SEMAINEIN “to mean”; the French linguista meant
the semantic one like study of the laws that preside to the “transformation of
the senses of the words, to the choice of the new expressions, to the birth and died
of the locuzioni. This
meaning that is still in vigor in the studies of historical
linguistica , has been in XX the century in linguistico within before placed side by side and then
supplanted from a use of SEMANTIC semantic understanding like “structural”. The
“semantic structural” it is taken care of the paradigmatiche relations between
means to you
(sinonimia, antonimia, metonimia, iperonimia \ iponimia, lessicale field) and
the sintagmatiche relations (lessicale solidarity, positioning) in terms of
componenziale analysis of the linguistiche units, sights like insiemi of seeds or
semantic features. Inside of processes like the nominazione cioé
the employment of terms in order to designate to objects (designation, reference) or as
the explanation of meant (the definition) is to level characterizes them, intensity is
collective which social is realized in the event of dictionaries monolanguages the
semanticisti of linguistica formation has been interested above all of
meant intensionale (extension/) .Grazie to the studies of
linguistica testuale and theory of the enunciation (deissi) the linguisti
has begun to take care itself of the meant one of greater and
somewhat complex units of the single ones lessemi being interested also of referring and
coreferenza.
Speaking hour
of the phenomenon about “polisemia”, é the necessary one in the first place to explain the
meant of the term that é be created from M. Bréal <1897>, leaving from one
Greek word: é a word been born in an age previous to the use of “sema” and
“semema”, if it were wanted to be put in relation to these last ones would go meant
not like “property of having many seeds”, but like” property of having many
sememi”. Therefore it would be corrected to speak about “polisememia” since
the expressions with a meant solo, are from the point of view of the componenziale analysis
, formed from many seeds.
polisemia é the fruit of the development in
the time of a culture and of the language that expresses it: when a linguistica community
needs of new linguistici signs in order to create new concepts, of
shaves rifà to totally new signs also on the plan of meaning, but of
frequent following the law of the economy, of the minimal effort, it adds new
means to meaning to you preesistenti with metonimici procedures and
metaforici: as an example, to meant original of “shuttle” (the container
of the bobbin), they have been places side by side others means to you to you, until that
more recent one than “shuttle it spaces them”. The words more frequent than every language
are considered polisemiche always because of the law of the minimal effort. “
polisemia” é a fundamental mechanism for the good operation of
the language. If every word had a meant solo
, we would be forced to resupply our memory of many others
words how many are means you of which we have need. In fact since
the things and the concepts to indicate are more and more numerous with the social
and cultural development, we would have to make resorted to a sconfinato number of words for
expressing every meant with a various word. Therefore, thanks to “polisemia”,
we can instead represent you vary means with a single word, realizing
an indispensable economy to you so that the language is efficient, increasing
even the symbolic power of the language. With the exception of the omonimia (it is had
when a word that is pronounced-omofono-or that it is written - omografo- as
an other has completely various meaning from that one of the meaning wordwith
identical), caused particular phenomenon is from the diacronici fatttori
that from the linguistico contact (bilingualism or diglossia: in Italy, as an example,
the more macrocospic and diffused situation than linguistico contact é which
verification between the Italian language and its dialetti where very rarely the two codes
in contact introduce an absolute parity; é in effects much more frequent
the circumstance of a dominanza of one on the other or the others), polisemia é
an omnipresent phenomenon and centers them in the semantic one of the historical-natural languages
. The fact that a term possesses more than meaning can
often provoke the phenomenon of the lessicale ambiguity: é the case in which
the context it does not join completely clearly or come used of the words with
meant too much generic like “transaction”, or “what”. Beyond to the context é of
remarkable importance the “quality” of the various ones it means you of a word, in particular way
the relationship in which they are the uni with the others. Against
the interpretative uncertainties deriving from the polisemia they even exist the defense
grammaticali (kind variation makes so that it can be distinguished “
the arms of a man” from “the arms of a penitentiary”); the order of the words é
essential in order to comprise the difference between “galantuomo and man gallant”;
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