Starting from a new questioning of the socio-anthropological perspective of the archeological data from South-Eastern Europe, this volume puts forward an entirely new theory (at odds with the classical interpretations) regarding the emergence of complex structures, both material and social. The author proves that the dawn of Neolithic and, implicitly, the birth of urbanism stand for the ritualization of a religious principle based on the Sacred-Feminine-Life, a principle that had been shaped even starting with the Upper Paleolithic. The emergence of organized work, as a ritualization of this feminine principle of life, marks the passage from the geometrical representation to the operative geometry which gives shape to spatial forms. Thus, at the basis of our civilisation stands the co-substantial identity of representation of the feminine, the geometry and the urban.