A computer
is a machine
that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
The first
devices that resemble modern
computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945), although the computer
concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early
electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as
several hundred modern personal computers.<1>
Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to
billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space.<2>
Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered
from a watch battery. Personal computers
in various forms are icons of the Information Age
and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most
common form of computer in use today is the
embedded computer.
Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other
devices — for example, they may be found in machines
ranging from fighter aircraft
to industrial robots, digital cameras,
and children''s toys.
The ability to store and execute
lists of instructions called programs
makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators.
The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical
statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum
capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same
tasks that any other computer
can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from
that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer
are all able to
perform the same computational tasks given enough time and
storage capacity
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