n this study the
urinary lead and cadmium concentrations of 132spot urine samples from 17 workers exposed occtipationally
to lead andcadlnium, who were normal in creatinine metabolism and free in fluidintake,were
measured and adjusted by the applications of urinary specificgravity(U_(SG)),creatinine(U_(Cr)),
creatinine correted by specific gravity(U_(SG-Cr)),and flow-adjusted creatinine ratio(U_(CF)b,b
values are 0.67,0.33,0.27 and 0.16,respectively) in order to reveal the effects of the
differentadjustment parameters on
urinary lead and cadmium concentrations.Theresults showed
that significant inter-and intraindividual variations exis-ted in excretions of creatinine,lead and
cadmium of urine,The variationcoefficient of the urinary lead concentration adjusted with U_(CF)
0.67 is thegreatest,followed by U_(Cr)-,U_(SG-Cr)-,and U_(SG-Cr)-
adjustment,that of the
mea-sured urinary lead concentration is the least. The variation coefficientof the urinary
cadmium concentration treated with U_(CF) 0.67 is also thegreatest, followed by U_(Cr)- and
U_(SG)-adjustment,tat of the urinary cad-mium concentration adjusted with U_(SG-Cr) is the
least.Thus, it could beconcluded that there were no significant advantages for adjustments
withUsc,U_(Cr), U_(SG-Cr) and U_(CF)b in comparison with directly measured concen-tration of
urinary lead. However,the effect of the adjustment with U_(SG-Cr)for urinary cadmium
concentration is good.For the adjustment with U_(CF)b,the variation coefficients are reduced with
the decrease of adjusting expo-nents. The effect of the adjusting exponent of 0.16 obtained from
thestudy is superior to those of 0.67,0.33 and 0.27.