In order to explore the mechanism of "Qi Benefiting, Blood Activating and Meridian Dredging Granules" (main ingredients: Radix Astragali, Semen Persicae, Lumbricus, Ramulus Cinnamomi) in the treatment of arteriosclerosis, 26 rabbits were divided into the normal control group (A), model group (B), Ginkgo Extract Capsules group (C), Captopril group (D) and "Qi Benefiting, Blood Activating and Meridian Dredging Granules" group (E). Except Group A, the rest groups were fed with high cholesterol forage plus injection of bovine serum albumin to create AS models and treated with different therapies. Group C, D and E were respectively added with corresponding drugs in forage. 12 weeks later, TC, TG, NO, ET of peripheral blood and aortic bFGF content and morphology were determined in the animals of various groups. The results showed that various drugs could elevate NO and decrease ET and arteriosclerosis degree in AS rabbits, and "Qi Benefiting, Blood Activating and Meridian Dredging Granules" was best and could decrease TC and TG. The findings indicate that the mechanism of this preparation in treating AS might be related to its functions to decrease blood fat, protect vascular endotheliocyte and regulate bFGF genetic expression.