Objective\ To investigate the effects of estradiol with progesterone on the proliferation and inhibition of the endometrium in ovariectomized rats.\ Methods\ The endometrium of five groups of SD femal rats(Sham group, OVX group, OVX+BE\-2group, OVX+P group and OVX+BE\-2+P group) were analyzed by histopathology with HE staining.\ The endometrium were assessed by the image processing analysis system and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) by immunohistochemistry staining. Results\ Compared with the OVX group, OVX+BE\-2group and OVX+BE\-2+P group showed increase in the thickness of endometrium, height of endometrial cavity epithelia and glands epithelia cells, cavity diameter of glands, volume fraction of endometrial glands and the PCNA index with significant differences(P<0 05).\ OVX+P group showed no significant between OVX group(P>0 05).\ Conclusion\ There are different changes in the proliferation and inhibition of the endometrium by estradiol alone, or estradiol interrupted with progesterone regimen.\ The morphometry of pathological changes by the image processing and analysis system, and PCNA index of epithelia cells can evaluated the proliferation and inhibition of the endometrium directly, sensitively and objectively.\;