Objective To study the effects of Jia Wei Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction on learning and memory abilities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice exposed to 16 Hz,130 dB infrasound. Methods Fifty BALB/c mice were divided into a control group (group C), an infrasound-control group (IC group), an infrasound and drug-treated group (ID group). Learning and memory abilities,SOD and GSH-PX activities and MDA contents were measured 14 d after corresponding treatment. Results Compared with those in group C, learning and memory abilities was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and GSH-PX activity and MDA contents were obviously increased(P<0.05), but SOD activity was increased slightly (P>0.05)in IC group. Compared with those in IC group, learning and memory abilities was increased(P< 0.05) , GSH-PX and SOD activities were increased(P<0.05), and MDA contents was decreased(P<0.05)in ID group. Conclusion Learning and memory abilities could be damaged by 16 Hz,130 dB infrasound, causing lipid peroxidation reaction in mice′s cortex, while Jia Wei Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction could alleviate infrasound injury by enhancing the activities of GSH-PX and SOD, cleaning free radical, and decreasing the contents of MDA.