Hypertension also known about high blood pressure.
Hypertension is
spread all the world and afflicted humans being.
It is a medical
condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated.
Hypertension has been arbitrarily defined as a systolic blood pressure
above 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. Blood
pressure measurements take into consideration the amount of blood
pumped by the heart and the size and condition of the arteries.
Hypertension can be classified two catagary first is essential and
secondary. Essential hypertension indicates that no specific medical
cause can be found to explain a patient’s condition. Secondary
hypertension indicates that the high blood pressure is a result of
(i.e. secondary to) another condition, such as kidney disease or
certain tumors (especially of the adrenal gland). Environmental factors
have been implicated in the development of hypertension, including salt
intake, obesity , occupation , alcohol intake, smoking, family size,
stimulant intake, excessive noise exposure and crowding. Chronic
hypertension is a “silent” condition. Stealthy as a cat, it can cause
blood vessel changes in the back of the eye (retina), abnormal
thickening of the heart muscle, kidney failure , and brain damage.
Relationship between systemic arterial pressure and morbidity appears
to be quantitative rather than qualitative. Regulation of normal blood
pressure is a complex process. Although a function of cardiac output
and peripheral vascular resistance, both of these variables are
influenced by multiple factors. The factors affecting cardiac output
include sodium intake, renal function, and mineralocorticoids; the
inotropic effects occur via extracellular fluid volume augmentation and
an increase in heart rate and contractility.
Essential hypertension is diagnosed in the absence of an
identifiable secondary cause. Approximately 95% of American adults have
essential hypertension, while secondary hypertension accounts for fewer
than 5% of the cases. Hypertension is usually found incidentally.
Malignant hypertension is distinct as a late phase in the condition.
Hypertension is often Signs and symptoms is mental tension, stress and
anxiety. The risk is increased for hypertension is Cerebrovascular
accident (CVAs or strokes) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy ( heart failure due to chronically high
blood pressure) Hypertensive retinopathy - damage to the retina and
Hypertensive nephropathy - chronic renal failure due to chronically
high blood pressure. A level for high blood pressure must be agreed
upon in clinical practice for screening patients with hypertension and
for instituting diagnostic evaluation and initiating therapy. Because
the risk to an individual patient may correlate with the severity of
hypertension, a classification system is essential for making decisions
about aggressiveness of treatment or therapeutic interventions. weight
loss and regular exercise as the first steps in treating mild to
moderate hypertension. These steps are highly effective in reducing
blood pressure, although most patients with moderate or severe
hypertension end up requiring indefinite drug therapy to bring their
blood pressure down to a safe level. Mild hypertension is usually
treated by diet , exercise and improved physical fitness.