BOOK

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
1. Chemotherapy is science in which chemicals are used for treatment. It is a vast subject and efforts are on to find new drugs for cancer, mental illness and hypertension.
2. Replacement Drugs are used to replace or supplement a normal hormone or the compound that are short supply in a patient’s system. Best example of replacement drug is Insulin.
3. Chlorine is used to make water drinkable at a concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 parts per million.
4. Iodine is powerful antiseptic It is used as tincture of iodine, an alcohol powder solution containing 2-3 % iodine. Gentian violet and methylene blue are common example of antiseptic dyes.
5. Antipyretics are used to bring down the temperature of the body in high fever. Simple example is aspirin, phenacetin and paracetamol. Calcium and sodium salts of aspirin are more soluble and less harmful.
6. Antiseptics and Disinfectants are the substances which kill or prevent the growth of micro organism. They can be applied to wounds, cuts, ulcers, skin surface diseases. Antiseptics reduce odours resulting from decomposition on the body or in the mouth. Disinfectants are used to kill micro organism but are not safe for contact with living tissues.
7. Sulphar Drugs like Sulphanilamide, Sulphadiazine and Sulphaguanidine act against micro organism like antibiotics are used in place of them.
8. Analgesics are the drugs used for relieving pains. Aspirin and some other Antipyretics are also used as analgesics. Some narcotics are also used as analgesics. Some examples of narcotics are marijuana, heroin, morphine and codeine.
9. Tranquilizers are the substances used for mental diseases .They act on higher centers of central nervous system. They are also called psychotherapeutic drugs. They help the individuals to enhance capacities they have. Derivatives of barbituric acid (luminal, seconal) are known for their tranquilizing activity.Equanil is having good tranquilizing effect and is used in hypertension and depression.
10. Antibiotics are the substances produced by micro – organism like bacteria, fungi and molds that can prevent the growth or even kill other micro organism. Antibiotics are the product of microbial growth. Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1929.It is very effective in pneumonia, sore throat .Streptomycin is used in tuberculosis and chloramphenicol for typhoid.Ampicilin and amoxillin are also antibiotics used.
11. Dettol is a common antiseptic and is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpeneol in a suitable solvent. Bithional is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties.