Aphrodisiacs are agents reputed to stimulate or excite sexual desire. Although it is plausible that brain centers controlling
sexual responses could be influenced by drugs, only inhibitory activity has been substantiated up to the present, and most claims regarding
aphrodisiacs have been dismissed as folklore. However, the psychological impact of endowing certain substances with aphrodisiac properties may result in some actual sexual stimulation. Throughout the ages many foods have been considered sexual stimulants. Similar claims have been made for alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, marijuana, morphine, opium, and mescaline. These substances break down inhibitions, the cause of much sexual malfunctioning; but if taken in large enough quantities, they diminish rather than enhance sexual capacity. Cantharides (Spanish fly) and yohimbine are also considered aphrodisiacs. The former, by irritating the genitourinary tract and concomitantly dilating the associated blood vessels, does produce a certain stimulation of the genitals, and yohimbine stimulates the spine nerve centers that control erection. Nevertheless, claims for their aphrodisiac effects are not substantiated. Amyl nitrite ("poppers"), a chemical used to dilate blood vessels, is reputed to intensify orgasmic pleasure; again, valid data for aphrodisiac effects are not available. Androgens, male hormones produced by both sexes, are the only substances known to increase sexual interest, drive, and
performance in both sexes. Where deficiency exists, physicians may prescribe androgen therapy to increase desire and performance without causing other behavioral changes.