KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND THERE CURES
Un usual situations may arise in functions of kidney from factors with in kidneys or out side.These causes serious diseases
KIDNEY STONES
Stone materials are found in kidney these causes urinary obstructions ans are metabolic diseases.HYPERCALCEMIA higher level of circulating calcium in blood because of other diseases.HYPEROXULARIA higher blood level of oxalate is an other factor in formation of kidney stones.oxalaes are present in green vegetables and tomatos therefore mayn be the source of hyperoxularia/the incidence of calcium oxalate type stones re 70% of all the kidney stones. The incidence of calcium phosphate and uric acid thpe stones are 15% and 10%respectively.these salts are precipated out during urine formation and accumulated later to form kidney stones
LITHOTRIPSY
The kidney stones have been removed by kidney surgery.recently lithotripsy is used for non surgical removal of kidney stones.it is a technique used to break stones that are formed in kidney uriter or gall bladder.there are several ways to do so ,althoughthe most common is extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy.highly concentrated x-rays are ultrasound are directed from machine outside body to stone inside/the shock wave break stone in pieces or sand which is then passed out of body in urine
RENAL FAILURE
Various factors of pathological and chemical nature may destroy nephron particularly its glomerular part.this results in increase in plasma level of urea and other nitrogenous wastes.the rise in urea level causes increase in blood pressure and other diseases etc anemia
DIALYSIS
In chronic renal failure the function of kidney is completely lost and it can not remove nitrogenous wastes .to remove nitrogenous wastes the patient is treated through dialysis/it cleans the blood either by passing it through articical kidney of by filtering it with in abdomen.the wastes and excess water are removed during treatment as done by healthy kidneys
There are two types of dialysis HAEMODIALYSIS AND PARITONEAL DIALYSIS
HAEMODIALYSIS
Haemodialysis means cleaning the blood in this procedure blood is circulated through a machine which contain a dialyzer also called artifical kidney/dialyzer has two spaces separated by thin membrane.blood passes from one side of membrane nad dialysis fluid from other
The wastes and excess water pass from blood through membrane in dialysis fluid
PARITONEAL DIALYSIS
Paritoneal dialysis works on the same principal except the abdomen has paritoneal cavity,lined by thin epithelium called paritoneum.paritoneal cavity is filled with dialysis fluid that enters the blood through catheter.excess water and wastes pass through the peritoneum into dialysis fluid.the process is repeated several times a day.dialyzer is akidney machine that works on the same principal as done by the normal kidneys for the removal of nitrogenous wastes and excess water from blood/it is used after kidney failure and done again and again until matching doner kidney is transplanted
KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
Dialysis may be used a temporary measure.in higher degree renal failure such as uremia or end stage of renal disease,dialysis is done endlessly thus surgical transplant of matching donar kidney is the only option left as permanent treatmenty