Ivf

In the traditional tests, analysis of the semen was dependent on the concentration, motility, and the morphology of the sperm, moreover, these tests are performed in accordance with the strict guidelines. . The above parameters are standardized poorly, and are not regarded as good predictors in determining fertility. With the advances in assisted reproductive technologies, there is a substantial increase in the demand for the treatment. The chromatin structure should be normal so that there is a correct transmission of genetic information, and it is reported that there is a negative correlation between the chromatin structure of the defective sperm and fertility both in vivo and invitro.. Persons seeking for assisted reproductive technology or ART have high rates of breaks in DNA, and even then, the efforts to implement the routine DNA integrity testing are very few. Among these tests, the sperm chromatin structure assay or SCSA, the DNA fragmentation index or DFI gives an estimate of the breaks in DNA. The DFI is reported to be an independent predictor of fertility. Over the past decade, molecular fertility biomarkers have been found out which were very useful and the most useful and important tests include measuring the quality of DNA. The damage of DNA is in fact associated with fertilization, embryo quality and implantation, spontaneous abortion, and childhood diseases. The alkaline COMET assay has been modified in order to be useful with the sperm in recent times. Unlike the somatic cells, the sperm DNA is highly susceptible to oxidative damage, which is due to the abundance of the polyunsaturated fatty acids that act as substrates for the reactive oxygen species and the lack of repair mechanisms. The actual damage of the DNA of the sperm can be determined with the alkaline comet assay. Damage to the sperm DNA can be obtained directly or indirectly. It is possible to assess the DNA damage directly by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end- labeling or TUNEL assay and in this test, the DNA fragments has tagged ends.