German measles, or rubella, is a contagious but mild viral disease common in children and young adults. The early symptoms,
similar to those of the common cold, are often followed by a skin rash that first appears on the face and neck and then rapidly spreads to the trunk and extremities. Lymph nodes on the back of the neck become swollen and tender. Symptoms usually disappear without complication in about a week. Many people may have had German measles without knowing it, because a skin rash is not always present. Natural
infection apparently produces lifelong
immunity. Pregnant women who become infected by rubella have a high risk of giving birth to a baby with serious defects, including blindness, cardiovascular disorders, or mental retardation. Vaccination is therefore recommended before the childbearing age, although the immunity provided is weaker than that from natural infection.