Prevention efforts and effective measures against the spread of infectious diseases can be done include:
1. Control of the source or reservoir of infection
2. Break the chain of transmission
3. Protection of vulnerable population groups
1. Control of the source or reservoir of infection
Cases of illness or career which is the main source of infection can be controlled by:
a. Early diagnosis
Early detection of diseases that occur in society in order to quickly treated and does not become chronic and infectious.
b. Notifications
Every
case of infectious diseases that have been detected should be reported
immediately to the local health department to be addressed and make
other necessary preparations for further medical treatment.
c. Isolation
Isolation of patients aimed at curtailing the spread of disease to society such as avian influenza and others.
d. Therapy
Is part of preventive measures aimed at reducing the transmission period and days in pain.
e. Quarantine
Insulation
in the form of healthy people or animals coming from areas suspected of
having infectious diseases, duration of isolation is usually in
accordance with existing disease incubation period.
f. Epidemiological surveillance
Form of research or surveys on the ground against everything that is thought to cause disease.
g. Decontamination
Doing the holy-pest in the feces, urine, vomitus of patients and equipment that have been worn by the patient.
2. Breaking the chain of transmission
Transmission of disease from a sick person to another person can go through several avenues. To prevent transmission can by way of a blockade or break the chain of transmission.
a. Vehicle transmission
Transmission occurs through media such as water, food, vegetables, milk and others. Prevention
efforts that can be done in the form of barrier that prevents water
sanitation, food, and other milk contaminated with the feces of
patients.
b. Vector transmission
Transmission is by arthropod vectors or disease. Businesses that can be done in the form of vector control and environmental manipulation.
c. Airborne transmission
Transmission occurs through breathing air. Enterprises that can be done is to wear a mask, or insulation away from the patient.
d. Contact transmission
Transmission occurs through intimate contact. Enterprises that can be done is to not have multiple sexual partners and using condoms.
3. Protection of vulnerable population groups
a. Active immunization
Active
immunization in infants who are sensitive to infectious diseases such
as tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus.
b. Passive immunization
Provision of gamma globulin and antisera which aims to stimulate antibody formation.
c. Chemoprophylaxis
Administration of drugs for prevention so that people do not become ill, such as anti-malaria, tuberculosis and others.
d. Health education
Personal hygiene, and other environmentally conscious.