Ø Spirochaetes (Borrelia burgdorfein)
Ø Virus (Rubella,hepatitis C virus and now a days HIV)
Pathogenesis
· Haematogenous spread
· Direct inoculation odf the microorganism
· Contagious from adjacent tissues
Clinical picture
- Sudden development of an acute pain
- The joint is hot and swollen
- Fever
- Increased white blood cell count (leucocytosis)
- Increased Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
For the case of Tuberculosis.
Usually develops as a complication of adjoining osteomyelitis or haematogenous spread from the viscera (lung).The onset is insidious and causes gradual progressive pain
Joint destruction is severe, granulomatous inflammation with fibrous ankylosis and obliteration of the joint space. Weight bearing joint are much more affected (Knee.hip, ankles)
Diagnosis.
Joint aspirate to isolate the causative microorganism
Treatment
Antibiotics