The MDL (Mechanism of Clean Development) was created through the
Protocol of Kioto, with the main objective to help the developed
countries to reach goals of reduction of emission of gases that cause the effect greenhouse. By means of this mechanism, rich
countries finance projects of clean technology in the developing countries, earning with this, credits of carbon, that they can be bought, be sold or to enter in the calculation as part of the quota of reduction that they themselves need to reach up to 2012, committing to lower it in 5% its emissions in relation to the 1990 levels. The Convention of the Climate, promoted for the ONU in Nairobi, discloses that in October of 2006, 1278 projects had been presented inside of the MDL, of which 460 were of India, 193 of Brazil and 175 of China, being, therefore, the three countries that had more presented projects. The reductions of carbon emissions are calculated from the amount of carbon that the MDL´s they capture of the atmosphere. The projects of China arrive to reduce 34% of the world-wide total; India, 24% and Brazil, 10%, that they correspond about 187 million tons of Co2. The explanation is in the energy matrix of these countries: China and India depend on “dirty” matrices, based, mainly, in the coal. Moreover, both have bigger indices of economic growth. Already Brazil, has its intent matrix in the hidrelétricas plants, being considered “clean'. Although some critical ones, the MDL must continue after functioning the end of the first phase of the
protocol of Kioto, in 2012.