Guanju, standing in the first place of The Book of Songs, attracts all the time the attention of scholars working at The
Songs. In the period of feudalism， the central theme of Guanju is viewed as a praise of moral behavior conducted byempress and the wives of feudal
nobles. However, this interpretation， time and again， encounters censures from
present researchers and is rejected by them.They regard it as a sermon of feudal morality. The present paper focuses on certain findings from a study of the patriarchal system at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, during which patriarchy was strengthened, while matriarchy weakened for the purpose of establishing primogeniture. With what he has found to interpret and analyze Guanju in the past, the writer of this paper holds that the praise of moral behavior conducted by empress and the wives of feudal nobles is essentially the theme of Guanju. It reflects the unavoidable demands from the society in the course of development at the end of the Yin Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.