Effect of Culture-Geert Hofstede''s Model on the Selected Terrorist Groups This study found out that there
were 16
groups who belong to High Power
Distance namely Aum Shinrikyo( Aleph), Abu
Nidal, Communist Party of Peru ( Shining Path), Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia, National Liberation Army (Colombia), United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia,
al-Aqsa Martyrs'' Brigades, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, (ETA), Palestine Liberation
Front, Hamas, Kach and Kahane Chai, People''s Mujahedin of Iran., Liberation
Tigers of Tamil Eelam(LTTE), New Peoples Army, Moro National Islamic Front,
and Abu Sayyaf Group while the 9 groups
belongs to Low Power Distance such as : Real Irish Republican Army, Revolutionary
Nuclei, Revolutionary People''s Liberation Party-Front DHKP/C, Loyalist
Volunteer Force,Red Hand Defenders, Ulster Defence Association, Kursdistan
Worker''s Party(PKK), Revolutionary Organization 17 November (RO-N17), and Continuity
Irish Republican Army.
Power distance measures how
subordinates respond to power and authority. These were subdivided into
high-power distance and low-power distance. In high-power distance dimension
the countries personality were identified as Bossy, Authoritarian, Dominant,
Strict, Dictatorial, Totalitarian, Fascistic, Severe, Brutal, Harsh, and
Forceful personality while the personality of countries in low-power distance were
identified as: Liberal, Lenient,
Relaxed, Compassionate, Merciful, Easygoing, Indulge, Soft , Light, and
Moderate.
Under the category of Individuality versus
collectivist, it reveals that there were only three groups belongs to
collectivist. This groups are Aum Shinrikyo( Aleph), Revolutionary Nuclei, and Revolutionary
Organization 17 November (RO-N17), possesses strong personality and
protective ties based on loyalty to the group during one''s lifetime and often
beyond (mirrored on family ties) while
under the category individuality was only Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, (ETA) was
classified. This may be implies that every terrorist group have the supporters
because they can not stand by their own mean. This revelation can help the
anti-terrorist group/s to search the supporters of the terrorist. The groups
that are not mentioned in this classification were not under this dimension.
In terms of Femininity versus Masculinity
category, it is remarkable that only Aum Shinrikyo( Aleph) falls under masculinity, which has a personality of
maleness, and manliness, strong, brave heart, and firm decision maker. And out
of twenty five groups three of them falls under femininity they are Abu Nidal, Euskadi
Ta Askatasuna, (ETA) and Kach and Kahane Chai. Other groups are not classified
because their country was not under this dimension.
In the dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance it
was found out that there were three organization who got a Strong Uncertainty
Avoidance. This organizations are as follows Aum Shinrikyo( Aleph), Communist
Party of Peru
( Shining Path), and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. From this
dimension the researcher noticed that there was no country who got Low
Uncertainty Avoidance. This study reveals that the model lacks some
informations specifically the measured parameters. This implies that the more
innovative countries they are, the more concealed weapon they have. This might
be done due to fact that they have to be prepared for the battle or war. Only
third world countries were laid on the model may be because of some
technicality of the model.
Long Term Versus Short Term
Orientation category reveals that there was only one group belongs to Long Term Orientation.
This group who belongs to Long Term Orientation was Aum Shinrikyo( Aleph),
which means they respect the ranking of their organizational terrorist group.
There were only three countries who belongs to Short Term Orientation such as New
Peoples Army, Moro National Islamic Front, and
Abu Sayyafhich means that they concentrate on security and
stability of the group, and they also following traditions.Summary of findings, the Culture - Geert
Hofstede''s Model were categories in to five divisions such as: Power
Distance, there were 16 groups who belongs to high power distance and 9
groups belong to low power distance., Individuality versus collectivist,
there was one group who belongs to Individuality and 3 groups belong to
collectivist, Femininity versus Masculinity, there were 3 groups who
belongs to Femininity and only one group belong to Masculinity, Uncertainty
Avoidance, there were three groups who belongs to Strong Uncertainty
Avoidance and none lies on weak Uncertainty Avoidance and Long Term versus
Short Term Orientation, there were 3 groups who belongs to short term
orientation and only one group belongs to Long term Orientation.