On the hot and humid Gulf of Mexico, 425 kilometres (264 miles) east of Mexico City, is the most
important seaport of Veracruz,
in Mexico. It is an interesting combination of old and new. Modern
buildings and docking facilities contrast with Spanish colonial buildings. A great lighthouse overlooks the break-water which protects the docks from the storms. The city has modern facilities and many fine homes set on wide avenues. Railways and roads connect Veracruz with Mexico City and the interior highlands.
The most
important products shipped from Veracruz are vanilla, sugar, coffee, and chilies. Machinery, chemicals, and wheat from other countries enter Mexico here. In addition to its shipping, Veracruz is important for the manufacture of cigars, shoes, rum, beer, and chocolate. Fishing is an important occupation.
Veracruz was the first Spanish settlement in Mexico. It was founded by Hernan Cortes in 1519. The present port city, dating from 1599, has had an exciting history. In the 17th and 18th centuries pirates attacked and captured it. The French seized the city twice, in 1838 and 1861. It fell to the United States in the Mexican War, and again in 1914.
The population of Veracruz is 284,822 (1980).