Alexander Romanovich Luria (1902-1977) Psychologist russian member of the current LSVigotski, always positioned against
explanations of the psyche guided solely on biological aspects and proposed a different understanding of this, including focusing on the
importance of language in that process. Thus published several studies that sense, but here destacaremos the Course of General
Psychology, a work consisting of four volumes, and that Luria had written to guide their students of psychology, in the 70, but that was only publishes in Brazil in 1992 by Publisher Civilização Brasileira.
In the Course of General Psychology, in his volume I, Luria starts rightly explaining that the psychological development of human beings, which the author calls sometimes conscious activity is mainly related social activities that man plays along the way in which it is inserted . For the author it gives the man the opportunity to reflect on their actions and that it prevents East only by his first impressions. In order that Luria firm so the primacy of social development in the biological psychic. The author concludes that the psyche of man is formed through the ownership of knowledge that were produced by the human race and therefore not the result of individual development. This ownership occurs under Luria through language, established in relation to mediate between the child and adulto.Aliás in Luria, the language assumes a role of prominence in the training of mental development of the human being, as it once the young child identifies and recognises the external world. Every book I is marked by the importance of language at the Psíquico Development. The author comes back to the first forms of organised labour and says that the need for collaboration would have motivated the first forms of communication that have been during the development of the human race evolve until they reach the floor.
In the Course of General Psychology, Volume II, Luria continued in its argument on the psyche. In this book, however, he aimed his attention to discuss the Feeling and perception of the human being. For Luria the Feeling are the ways that the human being has to recognize the world that surrounds. In that sense it also highlights the importance of the organs of sense as these convey the necessary information to the brain and will thus helping the formation of the psyche. The perception in turn be directly related to sensation and also act to transfer the knowledge to the brain.
The volume III in turn was especially dedicated to discussing the Attention and Memory. For Luria only when the man can master the language it is possible that it can discriminate the objects, their properties and thus generic direct your attention and develop the Memory. The Russian psychologist explains that the principle, a small child has his attention determined by the needs. Later is that the young child can direct their attention to a particular purpose, always intermediada the help of adults. The memory is already indicated by Luria as a great leap of psychological development of human beings. It is through memory that man is able to revisit the qualities of an object on which fixes your attention even when he is not here.
No volume IV, in turn, Luria aims once again your attention to the importance of language and thought in the process of developing the psyche. For this round to establish the language as something highly social and will explain about the importance of the word.
What''s common in all the books and even in other works of the Russian psychologist, is that there is a need to establish the importance of the language at the psychic development of the human being. For Luria, the transmission of knowledge that came to form human psyche occurs through an active relationship, real and concrete that is established between the adult and child. It is through this relationship where the language and the word are many important that the childs small ownership of the knowledge that were produced by mankind throughout history-social development by which passed.