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Significant contributions to the social sciences were made by Muslim scientists in the Islamic civilization. Al-Biruni
(973–1048) has been "the first anthropologist".<3> He wrote detailed comparative studies on the anthropology of peoples, religions and cultures in the Middle East, Mediterranean and South Asia. Al-Biruni''s anthropology of religion was only possible for a scholar deeply immersed in the lore of other nations.<4> Biruni has also been praised by several scholars for his Islamic anthropology). "Islamic Anthropology" and the "Anthropology of Islam", Anthropological Quarterly 68 (3), Anthropological Analysis and Islamic Texts, p. 185-193.</ref> Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) is regarded as the father of demography,<5> historiography,<6> the philosophy of history,<7> sociology,<5><7> and the social sciences,<8> and is viewed as one of the forerunners of modern economics. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (Prolegomenon in Greek).
Published: April 10, 2008
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