HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT. Schools of Thought

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT. Schools of Thought Our break-up of the history of economics into schools of thought ought not to be taken too seriously. Some of the schools we have included are well-known in the discipline and are generally identified as separate and distinct (e.g. the Austrian School). Other schools (e.g. the Paretians) many will not recognize. These we admit we have entirely made up. Nonetheless, the creation of these latter groups was not wholly arbitrary; we attempt to explain their distinctive characteristics in the relevant pages. Our purpose is to highlight the major tensions and differing patterns of thought that can be traced throughout economics. Division into "schools" of thought are a convenient vehicle to convey this. Schools of Political Economy--Neoclassical Schools-- Alternative Schools--Thematic ___________________________________________________________________ Pre-Classical Anglo-American Heterodox Themes Classical Continental Keynesian Other ----------------------------- ----------------------------- SCHOOLSOF POLITICAL ECONOMY
(Ancient-1871) PRE-CLASSICAL The Ancients and the Scholastics The Salamanca School The First Economists Sir William Petty and the Mercantilists Richard Cantillon, Jacques Turgot and Enlightenment Economics François Quesnay and the Physiocrats David Hume and the Scottish Enlightenment Ferdinando Galiani and the Italian Tradition Social Philosophers and Commentators THE CLASSICALS Adam Smith David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill and the Classical Ricardian School T. Robert Malthus and British Anti-Classical Economists Jeremy Bentham and the Utilitarians Jean-Baptiste Say and the French Liberal School Jules Dupuit and the French Engineers Continental Proto-Marginalists Karl Marx and the Marxian School The Bullionist Controversies The Manchester School Piero Sraffa and the Neo-Ricardians The Neo-Marxians NEOCLASSICAL SCHOOLS
(1871-Today) ANGLO-AMERICAN NEOCLASSICISM W. Stanley Jevons and the Anglo-American Marginalists John Bates Clark and the American Apologists Alfred Marshall and the Cambridge Neoclassicals Lord Robbins and the London School of Economics. Frank H. Knight and the Chicago School Milton Friedman and the Monetarists Robert Lucas and the New Classicals New Institutionalist Schools CONTINENTAL NEOCLASSICISM Léon Walras and the Lausanne School Carl Menger and the Austrian School Knut Wicksell and the Swedish School Paul Samuelson, John Hicks and the Paretian Revival The Vienna Colloquium Tjalling Koopmans and the Cowles Commission Kenneth Arrow, Gérard Debreu and the Neo-Walrasian General Equilibrium School Robert Aumann and the Edgeworthian Revival ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLS HETERODOX TRADITIONS Utopians and Socialists The Fabian Socialists Gustav Schmoller and the German Historical School The English Historical School The French Historical School Thorstein Veblen and the American Institutionalist School Joseph Schumpeter and Evolutionary Economics The Soviet Planning Economists The Neo-Marxian/Radical Political Economy Economics at the New School for Social Research KEYNESIANS John Maynard Keynes Joan Robinson and the Cambridge Keynesians Franco Modigliani, James Tobin and the Neo-Keynesian Synthesis Abba Lerner and the American Post Keynesians Robert Clower, Axel Leijonhufvud and Disequilibrium Keynesianism Joseph E. Stiglitz and the New Keynesians The Mandarins THEMATIC SCHOOLS Themes Business Cycle Theory Empirics and Econometrics Imperfect Competition Economic Development Uncertainty and Information Game Theory Finance Theory Other The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics The American Economic Association The Econometric Society Economic Journals: A chronological account Journals and their Acronyms · Methodology and History of Economics