It may be described as involuntary idleness on the part
of those who have failed to find employment or who have lost their latest jobs but are able to work and are looking for work. The definition does not include those classes that are unemployed because of physical, mental or moral incapacity. It is a condition that occurs when an individual wants work but is without a job. It is believed to be a symptom of a malfunctioning economy. Poverty is an effect of unemployment. It may increase the rate of social crimes. It will result to enormous economic waste and social miseries. The unemployment problem is of grave concern because of the resulting poverty that afflicts the people. Physical as well as mental weakness results from malnutrition which appears to be related to and as an accompanying syndrome of employment. Aside from the physical deprivation it also affects the morale of the individual in the form of hopelessness. Unemployed as distinguished from underemployed the former refers to those members of the labor force who wanted to work and are looking for work, or not looking for work because they believe no work is available or because of other valid reasons while the latter refers to those who are working but express the desire or additional work because their skills are not the ones that are needed for the job opening. Unemployment is of several types. They are: normal unemployment; seasonal unemployment; cyclical unemployment; technological unemployment. Normal unemployment. It refers to the idleness, which arises from the inherent irregular nature of some jobs and industries, or is the result of voluntary turnover of workers, or is cause by shifts and changes in industrial operation, which are unavoidable. It is sometimes term as structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment. It is brought about by the changes in climatic condition. Example: farm and construction works. Cyclical unemployment. It is a result of a cyclical business depression. When a certain company is experiencing business depression the number of workers lay off increases due to contraction of production. Technological unemployment. It is the result of improvements in industry. The use of machines for animal or human labor contributed to unemployment. Unemployment is an economic problem having numerous causes. Some of its causes are as follows: Change of season, which is evident to employment that is seasonal in nature like agricultural works, building of construction resorts, and hotels works. Lack of adequate training and education, in this time with the advancement of modern technology, workers who have no technological training are less preferred than those who have knowledge and skill required by the job. Lack of opportunities due to rapid population growth may cause also unemployment. Continuous changes in a nation’s pattern of demand for product. Some firms or industries might reduce production and employment; Failure to perform satisfactorily in their jobs may effect to dismissal. Quit voluntarily because they may dislike their jobs and cannot find another one. Installation of new labor saving machines. Machineries were used rather than manpower. Hunger is also a great problem. According to Philip Wicksteed, a proponent 12th century British economist, “a man can neither be a saint nor a lover, nor a poet unless he has comparatively recently had something to eat”. Malnutrition, illness and starvation are the accompanied effects of hunger. High Prices of basic goods and services and with the presence of low wages, which may cause low income, shortage of financial budget willbecome apparent. Low per capita income. Per capita income is obtained by dividing the national income of a country by the number of its people. Since the national income of a poor country is low, and overpopulated, the result is even a lower per capita income. Capital deficiency. A 3rd world country like ours which do not have enough equipment or materials to use the government cannot avoid the importation of such equipment or materials from the foreign country to support the needs of the people. In so doing it needs money to pay for it. A country will then be forced to export goods to have more capital.