1. A variety of language based on the users of language.
a. Idiolect
Idiolect is a variety of language that used by an individual. In this case, each person has a variety of language which is related to the voice, word diction, language style, etc.
b. Dialect
Dialect is a variety of language spoken by a group of people. It refers only to regional varieties which are written and have literature (Hudson, 1980 : 31)
Dialect spoken by people in different regions is called regional dialect, e.g. the Javanese spoken in Banyumas, Yogya, Solo, which are called Banyumas dialect, Yogya dialect and Solo dialect respectively. Dialect spoken by different groups in society is called social dialect or sociolect. Sociolects are based on social factors such as education, age, sex, etc.
2. A variety of language based on the use of language (register)
According to Hudson, the term of register is widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use, in contrast with dialects, defined as varieties according to user. While Abdul Chaer said that register is a variety of language related to its function or fungsiolek (1995 : 89). This variety is divided into the following kinds :
a. Journalistic variety of language
The characteristics of journalistic variety of language are simple, communicative and brief. It is simple because it must be understood easily, communicative because it delivers news precisely and brief because there is limited time and column.
b. Military variety of language
This variety is known as a resolute and brief language. The military variety in Indonesia is often fulfilled by acronym such as letjend, sersan, etc.
c. Scientific variety of language
The scientific variety of language must be clear, efficient and, of course, there is no an ambiguity.
d. Literature variety of language
It is usually used by literary men. The use of this variety is stressed on esthetic side such as poem, and another literary work.
3. A variety of language based on formality
a. Frozen variety of language
The frozen variety of language is a most formal of variety used in a formal ceremony.
b. Casual variety of language
It is used in daily activities and non formal situation. Vocabularies used in this variety are fulfilled by dialect factors or ethnic language.
c. Intimate variety of language
This variety used in a close relation ship between the users of language. It can be a close friend, family or the others.
4. A variety of language based on the facility
a. Oral variety of language
It is a variety of language as a result of speech organs. It is usually supported by non linguistic factors such as intonation, gestures, etc.
b. Written variety of language
In contrast with oral variety of language, written variety of language must be conducted completely. There is non non-linguistic factors that influence it.
5. A variety of language based on the standard
Hudson said that the notion standard language is somewhat imprecise, but typical standard language will have passed through certain process (Hudson, 1980 : 32), e.g. standard language comes from dialects. It can be taught to others and understood by society at large. If it is related to national language, it will have scientific characteristics and consistent forms.
6. A variety of language based on the ethnic
Ethnic variety of language is regarded as an ethnic identity. A Javanese family will speak Javanese and another one who is brought up in West-Java will speak Sundanese.
7. A variety of language based on social status or stratification
a. Colloquial variety of language
Colloquial used in daily activities and it is not a written variety generally. For examples : don’t , I’d, I’ll, etc.
b. Prokem
Factually, prokem is jargon of youth in Jakarta. It comes from gangster, street kinds, criminals, etc (Sumarsono, 2002 : 154). Prokem is usually formed by acronym such as semampai (semeter tak sampai), rindu (mikirin duit), pendekar (pendek tapi kekar), etc.