School of Educational Theories
1.
Nativism
2.
Empiricism
3.
Convergence
Nativism:
-This school views that all humans innately
(bawaan) bring from birth capabilities, potent (talents), intelligences,
speech, etc
-Education merely (hanya) functions to make
these grow up (tumbuh) according (menurut) to the level of individuals’
readiness to develop
-Individuals internally dispose (menentukan) fully
their own self development
-External factors influence very minimally in
individuals personality
Empiricism:
-This school views that humans are born as
tabularasa (like paper), no potent, capability, talent, intelligence or speech
-External education from others functions most
dominantly in personal’s development
-Individuals dispose minimally in their own personal
development (seseorang sedikit sekali mengatur tentang perkembangan dirinya)
-Humans are externally designed behaviorally
and mentally through educational activities (orang itu bisa dibentuk dengan
lingkungannya). This is the power of empiricism.
Empirical External Factors of Education
·
Social Environment
·
Natural
Environment
·
Cultural Environment
·
Economical Environment
·
Political Environment
·
Religious Environment
Those external factors interconnected influence
mental, spiritual, psychological and intellectual development. (Faktor-faktor eksternal saling terkait
mempengaruhi perkembangan mental, spiritual, psikologis dan intelektual)
Convergence
·
This school came to synthesize (menyatukan) the
contradictive (saling berlawanan) views of nativism and empiricism about
human’s nature (sifat)
·
It views that humans are innately born with
some talent, intelligence, speech and potent. These are still at very basic and
early (permulaan n awal) development
·
Both individual’s internal efforts and external
environmental factors are very influential to make them grow, develop and functional
Islamic Concept
·
Islam views that humans are born as creation of
God, to merely serve him in his vicegerent (khalifah) on the earth
·
Humans are given with jasad (body), nafs
(emotion), ‘aql (reason), qolb (intuition)
·
Those element need to be developed through
education both internally and externally